Acetone Sensor Made of Tin Dioxide
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one Sensor Made of Tin Dioxide V. M. Aroutiounian* Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 19, 2020; revised May 6, 2020; accepted May 18, 2020
Abstract—Results of investigations of metal oxide chemical sensors for the detection of acetone made of tin dioxide were discussed in this review paper. There are several possibilities and technologies to manufacture of such sensors. Pure (without impurities) SnO2 and other metal oxide have low sensitivity to gases at its rather high pre-heating (operation) temperature. Doping of tin dioxide with some metals or carbon nanotubes is one way of improving the sensitivity of such metal oxide sensors. Another way is the preparation of nanosensors. Keywords: tin dioxide, acetone, metal oxide, gas sensor, sensitivity, operation temperature, doping, carbon nanotube DOI: 10.3103/S1068337220030056
1. INTRODUCTION Over a period of three decades, semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors have been extensively investigated due to their stable properties, which can reversibly convert chemical interactions on their surface to change electrical conductivity. Surface conduction is regulated by the adsorption and desorption of gas molecules on the surface of materials. Acetone is a commonly used reagent in industry and laboratories. Note that acetone is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO. It is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid, an is the simplest ketone. Structural formula of acetone is shown in Fig. 1. Acetone is used to dissolve plastic, purify paraffin, and dehydrate tissues in pharmaceutics. It is highly unstable and is greatly harmful to human health and biology. Therefore, for the sake of safety, it is urgent to monitor the concentration of acetone in the environment and workplace. Acetone is the important volatile organic compound (VOC), that have high vapor pressure in ambient conditions. Acetone is present in the organism of a people and exhaled by him breathe. Acetone can affect human body and can damage the nervous system by acute poisoning [1, 2]. In low value of gas concentration, the damage of acetone is not so much high, but at higher concentration it can lead to coma or even death. Inhalation of acetone can cause headaches, allergies, fatigue, and even narcosis, and can be harmful to the nervous system. The use of exhaled acetone gas from humans to diagnose (identification) of diabetes and monitoring health conditions as well as treatment of diabetic patients are very important. Such type of the identification of diabetes has great promise as it is non-invasive. Acetone can be used for a fast, risk-free, and inexpensive diagnosis of diabetes. The concentration of acetone in healthy individuals’ breath varies from 0.3 to 0.9 ppm and in the exhaled air of diabetic patients exceeds 1.8 ppm. Note that a resistive type sensor using tin dioxide SnO2 is considered as an exhalation gas sensor because of its excellent reactivity with VOCs, non-difficult fabrication processes, and the possibility of its miniaturization.
Fig. 1. St
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