Adsorption Characteristics of Tetracycline onto Biochars as Affected by Solution Chemistry Conditions and Ball Milling T
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Adsorption Characteristics of Tetracycline onto Biochars as Affected by Solution Chemistry Conditions and Ball Milling Treatment Xiaohan Ma & Yanjun Xin & Qinghua Yan & Xiangrui Pan & Shuaishuai Xin & Xiaomin Huang & Qinghua Chen & Guocheng Liu
Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Biochars from Chinese medicine material residues and furfural residues at 300–600 °C (MBC300– MBC600 and FBC300–FBC600) were used as adsorbents for removing tetracycline (TC) from water. The influence of pH and co-existing of cations or low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) was investigated on TC adsorption. Further, the bulk biochars were treated by ball milling into sub-micron particles, and their properties and adsorption performance toward TC were also characterized. For pristine biochars, TC adsorption was nonlinear and heterogeneous. Heterogeneity of biochars resulted in multiple sorption mechanisms, including Hbonding, π-π interaction, and pore filling. FBC300 and FBC600 had maximum sorption at pH 5–7. Electrostatic Xiaohan Ma and Yanjun Xin contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04769-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. X. Ma : Y. Xin : Q. Yan : X. Pan : S. Xin : Q. Chen : G. Liu (*) Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Ma : S. Xin Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, and College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China X. Huang Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co. LTD, Wuhan 430010, China
repulsion of positively charged biochar surfaces with TCH3+ at pH < 3 or negatively charged biochar surfaces with TCH− and/or TC2− at pH > 7 was not favorable for TC removal. TC sorption decreased with increasing Na+ concentrations from 0 to 0.1 mol/L, and bivalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) showed greater inhibiting effect relative to monovalent ones (Na+ and K+). The LMWOAs could combine with co-existing cations, thus reducing the inhibitory effect of cations and improving TC sorption. The ball milling caused remarkable size reduction of biochar particles, thus exposing more active surfaces to capture more TC molecules from water. This study provided low-cost and high-efficiency biochar absorbents to remove antibiotics from water and will benefit for understanding the relationship between TC sorption characteristics/mechanisms and biochar properties. Keywords Biochar . Tetracycline . Adsorption . Chinese medicine material residues . Furfural residues . Ball milling
1 Introduction Antibiotics in natural environment receive increasing concern due to their potential risks of ecological environment and public health (Kümmerer 2003). Tetracycline (TC), as one of the most widely used antibiotics, was de
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