Comparative Adsorption of Anionic Dyes (Eriochrome Black T and Congo Red) onto Jojoba Residues: Isotherm, Kinetics and T
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Comparative Adsorption of Anionic Dyes (Eriochrome Black T and Congo Red) onto Jojoba Residues: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies Habis Al‑Zoubi1 · Mukarram Zubair2 · Mohammad Saood Manzar2 · Abdullah A. Manda3 · Nawaf I. Blaisi2 · Aleem Qureshi2 · Abdelaziz Matani4 Received: 14 September 2019 / Accepted: 14 February 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract In this study, jojoba seeds residues are investigated for the removal of anionic dyes (Eriochrome black T and Congo red) from aqueous phase after extraction of oil and defatting (washing with n-hexane) from them. The fatted (F-JR) and defatted (DF-JR) jojoba residues were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and BET analyzer. The results indicated that the surface of F-JR and DF-JR exhibited abundant oxygen functionalities (O–H, C–O, C=O, C–O–C) with highly porous surface morphology. The adsorption results showed that the removal of EBT and CR was significantly affected by solution pH and maximum removal of both dyes (EBT and CR) was obtained at pH 2 and 6, respectively, with equilibrium reached at 600 min. The kinetic results were best fitted with pseudo-second-order model. The Freundlich isotherm model well described the EBT adsorption, whereas CR adsorption better matches the Langmuir isotherm model for both F-JR and DF-JR. The maximum adsorption of EBT and CR was found to be 88.96 and 24.64 and 113.50 and 58.82 mg/g onto F-JR and DF-JR, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of EBT and CR mainly involved electrostatic attraction, chemical reactions, pi-pi interactions and development of hydrophobic forces. The adsorbent showed better removal performance of dyes, when compared to other agriculture residues, indicating potential and beneficial utilization of jojoba residues for effective decontamination of dye-contaminated wastewater. Keywords Jojoba residues · Dyes removal · Decontamination · Adsorption · Isotherm and kinetic studies · Sustainability
1 Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04418-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mukarram Zubair [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31982, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Basic Engineering Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31982, Saudi Arabia
4
ISC, Department of Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
During the last two decades, there has been a tremendous demand for the consumption of different dyes in various industries including leather, fabric, paper and pharmaceutical, etc. [1]. This demand resulted in a substantial increase in dyes contaminated wastewater. It was estimated that the volume of
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