Adsorption of Lead, manganese, and copper onto biochar in landfill leachate: implication of non-linear regression analys
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Sustainable Environment Research
(2020) 30:18
RESEARCH
Open Access
Adsorption of Lead, manganese, and copper onto biochar in landfill leachate: implication of non-linear regression analysis Ali Daryabeigi Zand* and Maryam Rabiee Abyaneh
Abstract The feasibility of using wood-derived biochar (BC) to remove Pb, Mn, and Cu from landfill leachate was investigated and modeled in this study. BC was produced under the pyrolytic temperature of 740 °C. The effect of contact time, BC dosage and particle size on adsorption of the heavy metals onto BC was examined. BC was used in two forms i.e., pulverized (PWB) and crushed (CWB) to evaluate the effect of BC particle size on adsorption characteristics. The kinetics of Pb, Mn, and Cu adsorption onto PWB and CWB were assessed using the pseudo second-order and Elovich models, where both applied models could well describe the adsorption kinetics. Removal efficiencies of the heavy metals were increases by 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 times, respectively, for Pb, Mn, and Cu, when PWB content of the leachate increased from 0.5 to 5 g L− 1. Equilibrium adsorption capacity of the heavy metals onto BC in leachate system was evaluated using the Langmuir, non-linearized Freundlich, linearized Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and found to have the following order for PWB: Non-linearized Freundlich > Temkin > Langmuir > Linearized Freundlich. The Langmuir and linearized Freundlich models could not adequately represent adsorption of the heavy metals onto BC, especially for CWB. The highest removal of 88% was obtained for Pb, while the greatest adsorption intensity was found to be 1.58 mg g− 1 for Mn. Using the non-linearized Freundlich isotherm significantly reduced adsorption prediction error. The adsorption affinity of PWB for Pb, Mn, and Cu was greater than that of CWB in all treatments. Wood-derived BC is suggested to be used for the removal of heavy metals from landfill leachate as an economical adsorbent. Keywords: Adsorption, Biochar, Landfill leachate, Heavy metals, Linearization error
Introduction Landfill leachate may contain a wide range of contaminants at levels enough to raise serious environmental and human health concerns. The majority of published research has focused on removal of ammonia and organic fraction of landfill leachates, such as using biological reactors [1], oxidation processes [2] and membrane separation [3]. Concentrations of heavy metals in fresh landfill leachate, characterized by lower pH, are usually higher than those in aged leachate [4]. Adsorption of heavy metals on carbonaceous materials has received considerable attention to remove toxic metals from contaminated aqueous * Correspondence: [email protected] School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 141556135, Iran
solutions. Salam investigated the removal of heavy metals from synthetic aqueous solution by adsorption onto carbon nanotubes through a set of batch experiments which showed effective removal of heavy metals [5]. Activated carbon (AC) is a well-known strong adsorbent
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