Advances on plant salinity stress responses in the post-genomic era: a review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Advances on plant salinity stress responses in the post‑genomic era: a review Lalita Mohan Behera1 · Padmalochan Hembram1 Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Korean Society of Crop Science (KSCS) 2020
Abstract Plant productivity is significantly affected by several environmental stresses. Excess amount of salt in the soil is one of the environmental stresses that affect plant growth and development adversely. Therefore, one of the significant crucial and challenging researches going on in plant science is to understand the salinity stress responses in plants. Mainly, the molecular and physiological studies promoting us to follow the salinity stress responses in various plants. Recent studies and reports on distinct and novel regulatory mechanisms and pathways involving sRNA molecules, chromosome remodelling and modification in genomic DNA. The studies enabled us to understand that the plant has evolved such a set of complex system mechanisms against severe salinity effects stress. Salt stress level causes a reduction in photosynthesis, and hikes transpiration rate in plants alternatively reduces plant biomass. Here we review our understanding of salinity stress impact on plants and various aspects of response mechanisms, metabolisms and strategies in plants. This review also highlights several response mechanisms in plants that continually takes place to withstand stress. Keywords Salinity stress · Prone · siRNA · Chromosome remodelling · Transcription factors
Introduction Salinity stress is one of the most severe environmental threat affecting both growth and agricultural productivity in several places in the world. Salinity creates not only hyper-ionic but also hyperosmotic stress in plants. Thus salinity declines extension and develops of the plant in a two-phase manner. Ionic phase makes the mature leaves to undergo senescence, while osmotic phase slows down the growth rate. Osmotic potential decreases when salt gets into the water and then reduces the availability of water for plant root cells (Roy et al. 2014). The cell membrane contains receptors which perceive salinity stress and send information to the cell. High salinity and osmotic-stress enhance the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which leads to ROS related injuries (Yang and Guo 2018). According to FAO 2015, more than 1billion ha land of the world is facing salinity stress. Legume plants are very prone to salinity stress. About 6.5% of the world’s total area is likely to salinity * Padmalochan Hembram [email protected] 1
Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India
concentration (Rozema and Flowers 2008). Significant progress has been made in the last decades but yet many of the underlying processes that contribute to tolerance. To control the salinity threat, plants utilize several responses and complex set of pathways (Pereira 2016). Various metabolic and signaling pathways are induced to protect the plant cells by regulating transcription factors and post-transc
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