Ageratum houstonianum and Rudbeckia hirta , new hosts for the powdery mildews Golovinomyces asterum and Golovinomyces am
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Ageratum houstonianum and Rudbeckia hirta, new hosts for the powdery mildews Golovinomyces asterum and Golovinomyces ambrosiae K. Sharifi 1 & M. Darvishnia 2 & S. A. Khodaparast 3 & A. Bazgir 2 Received: 24 December 2019 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract Powdery mildew fungi infect a variety of hosts such as many ornamental, agricultural and amenity plants. Powdery mildews reduce beauty and marketability of these plants. During identification of powdery mildew sampled from ornamental plants in Iran (2016–2019), two host-pathogen relationships were recorded for the first time. These were Golovinomyces asterum on Ageratum houstonianum and Golovinomyces ambrosiae on Rudbeckia hirta. Keywords Erysiphales . Fungi . Pathogenicity . Plant pathogen . Powdery mildew
Recent phylogenetic studies have divided powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Erysiphaceae) into five major clades (Mori et al. 2000). Braun and Cook (2012) recognized five tribes for the Erysiphaceae so that each tribe is almost equivalent to the phylogenetic clade based on Mori et al. (2000). The ectophyte parasite Golovinomyces is largest genus of the tribe Golovinomyceteae (Braun and Takamatsu 2000; Braun and Cook 2012) with specific sexual and asexual characteristics such as ascoma with numerous asci, mycelioid appendages, doliiform, limoniform to ellipsoid catenescent conidia, nipple shaped appressoria, erect and unbranched conidiophores and usually Euoidium type germ tubes (Braun and Cook 2012). Golovinomyces has nearly 50 species, commonly distributed throughout the world with wide host ranges of herbaceous plants (Braun and Cook 2012; Braun et al. 2019). Many ornamental plants have been recorded as host for this genus. Blue weed (Ageratum houstonianum, Asteraceae) and black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta, Asteraceae) are annual plants that are often grown as
* M. Darvishnia [email protected] 1
College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Lorestan, Khorram-Abad, Iran
2
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Lorestan, Khorram-Abad, Iran
3
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
o r n am e n t a l s f o r t h e i r fl o w e r s . P o w d e r y m i l de w (Ascomycota: Erysiphales) on these plant causes great reduction of their beauty. In this paper we report the infection of these two ornamental plant species of Asteraceae by Golovinomyces spp. During the regular mycological collection from 2016 to 2019, samples of ornamental plants infected with powdery mildew were collected from the Isfahan province of Iran and transferred to the laboratory of plant pathology. Morphological characteristics of the fungus, host plant species and other information related to each species were investigated. Different structures of the fungus were examined under an optical microscope. To examine asexual forms, related structures were peeled of the leaf surface using clear adhesive tape and mounted in a 50% lactic aci
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