Antibacterial Effect of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Modified By Biocompatible Transitions Metals
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Antibacterial Effect of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Modified By Biocompatible Transitions Metals. V.I. García-Pérez1, A. Almaguer-Flores 1, C. Ramírez-Brizuela2, S.E. Rodil2. 1 Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D. F. México 2 Metals Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México D. F. México
ABSTRACT Magnesium (Mg) alloys can be use as biodegradable medical devices, eliminating the need for a second operation for implant removal. An important feature on biomedical devices is to avoid the bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation that cause most of the implantfailures. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences on bacterial adhesion and biofilm development on Magnesium alloys (Mg-Al-Zn) modified by different transition metals; Tantalum, Niobium and Titanium. Nine oral bacterial strains (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotipe b, Actinomyces israelii, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus sanguinis) were incubated on the different alloys and commercial medical grade stainless steel (AISI 316L) was used as a control. The initial bacterial adhesion was determined after 24 hours using a counting plate technique and the subsequent biofilm development at 1, 3, 7 days was studied using the Scanning Electron Microscopy. Significant differences were determined using t-test. The results showed that on the magnesium-alloys, the number of bacteria attached after 24 hours was two orders of magnitude lower than the stainless steel. On the other hand, bacterial colonies were not observed by electron microscopy in any of the days of incubation, even though in the control surface clear colonies and biofilm development were observed. This study showed that magnesium alloys inhibits the bacterial adhesion and the subsequent biofilm development. INTRODUCTION Bacterial infections are an important sequel in the management of both surgical and traumatic wounds and contribute to increase the morbidity and mortality of the patients. This problem is due to the lack of complete effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic management using asceptic techniques and antibiotics1. The bacterial population of a wound is not a static process and frequently human infections and failure of biomedical devices is a consequence of biofilm formation2. Biofilms are bacterial communities that growth attached on a surface and are embebbed in an extracellular matrix of bacterial origin 3. This specific architecture and dynamic interactions between species in the biofilm leads to an increased tolerance to antimicrobial agents4, 5 and resistance to the host defense mechanisms6. For this reason, an important feature on the development of biomedical devices is to avoid or reduce the initial bacterial adhes
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