Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils Monitoring, To
This book summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment. It covers a wide range of topics to help readers understand antibiotics and ARGs in soils, the risks they pose for t
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Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Vladimir Strezov Ajit Varma Editors
Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils Monitoring, Toxicity, Risk Assessment and Management
Soil Biology Volume 51
Series Editor Ajit Varma, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5138
Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi • Vladimir Strezov • Ajit Varma Editors
Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Soils Monitoring, Toxicity, Risk Assessment and Management
Editors Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi Department of Meteorology COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan
Vladimir Strezov Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences Macquarie University Sydney, New South Wales Australia
Ajit Varma Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida, UP India
ISSN 1613-3382 ISSN 2196-4831 (electronic) Soil Biology ISBN 978-3-319-66259-6 ISBN 978-3-319-66260-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017957062 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Worldwide consumption of antibiotics has increased drastically in the past few decades. The application of antibiotics has led to the production of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which represent a growing and serious human health threat worldwide. Recent research highlighted that the main sources, reservoirs, and recipients of antibiotics and ARGs are water, air, and soil. Antibiotics and ARGs are increasingly being recognized as emerging contami
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