Antibiotics Containing the Beta-Lactam Structure
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Vol. 6711
Editorial Board G. V. R Born, London· A. Farah, Rensselaer, New York
H. Herken, Berlin· A. D. Welch, Memphis, Tennessee Advisory Board S. Ebashi . E. G. Erdos· V. Erspamer· U. S. von Eiller· W. S. Feldberg G. B. Koelle· M. Rocha e Silva· J. R. Vane· P. G. Waser
Antibiotics Containing the Beta-Lactam Structure Part I Contributors E. P. Abraham· Y.Aharonowitz· C. Ball· B. G. Christensen A. L. Demain· R. P. Elander· R. Kirby. J. E Martin· R. D. Miller D.-G. Mou· N. Neuss· T. N. Salzmann· E. O. Stapley· A.Tomasz S. B. Zimmerman Editors
A. L. Demain and N. A. Solomon
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1983
Professor Dr. ARNOLD L. DEMAIN Ms. NADINE A. SOLOMON Fermentation Microbiology Laboratory Department of Nutrition and Food Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139/USA
With 83 Figures ISBN-13:978-3-642-81968-1 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-81966-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-81966-7 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under title: Antibiotics containing the beta-Iactam structure. (Handbook of experimental pharmacology; v. 61, pt. 1-) Includes index. I. Antibiotics - Synthesis. 2. BetalactaIll/lses. 3. Fungi - Genetics. [DNLM: I. Antibiotics - Pharmacodynamics. 2. Beta·lactamases - Pharmacodynamics. WI HA51L v. 61/QV 350 A62935] QP905.H3 vol. 61, pt. I, etc. 615'.1s 82-19689 [QD315] [541.7'6] This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© by Springer·Veriag Berlin Heidelberg 1983 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. 2122/3130-543210
Preface
It is quite amazing that the oldest group of medically useful antibiotics, the p-Iactams, are still providing basic microbiologists, biochemists, and clinicians with surprises over 50 years after Fleming's discovery of penicillin production by Penicillium. By the end of the 1950s, the future of the penicillins seemed doubtful as resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus began to increase in hospital populations. However, the development of semisynthetic penicillins provided new structures with resistance to penicillinase and with broad-spectrum activity. In the 1960s, the discovery of cephalosporin C production by Cephalosporium
