Cell-Penetrating Peptides Methods and Protocols
Divided into three parts this volume summarizes the most important areas of Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPP) research . Part one briefly presents the historical background of CPP studies and the classifications of the available CPPs, and then su
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Ülo Langel Editor
CellPenetrating Peptides Methods and Protocols Second Edition
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Cell-Penetrating Peptides Methods and Protocols Edited by
Ülo Langel Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Editor Ülo Langel Department of Neurochemistry Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-2805-7 ISBN 978-1-4939-2806-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2806-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944509 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface In the late 1980s and early 1990s, it began to become evident that the old dogma asserting the impermeability of the cell plasma membrane to proteins and peptides was not valid in several new and important cases [1]. First, in 1988, two independent research groups demonstrated the shuttling properties for an HIV tat trans-activator protein [2, 3]. Second, in 1991, the group of Alain Prochiantz reported [4] on cellular internalization of the 60 aa homeodomain of Antennapedia (a Drosophila homeoprotein), followed in 1994 by the report on a short 16 aa peptide, pAntp(43–58), later named penetratin, which was necessary and sufficient for this translocation [5]. These reports are usually considered the starting events for the research field of cellpenetrating peptides, or CPPs.1 My personal preference tends to also see 1994 as another defining year with the publication of the first scientific report on 16 aa pAntp/penetratin. On the other h
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