Antiproliferative and ameliorative effects of Tetracera potatoria and its constituent
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Antiproliferative and ameliorative effects of Tetracera potatoria and its constituent Akingbolabo Daniel Ogunlakin1,2,3 · Mubo Adeola Sonibare1 · Almas Jabeen3 · Farzana Shaheen2 · Syeda Farah Shah3 Received: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract The effect of Tetracera potatoria leaves and its isolated constituent on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and associated gynaecological cancers was investigated. Crude extract showed the lowest level of luteinizing hormone and the highest level of estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone, comparable to the normal control group. The hexane (IC50 = 34.8 ± 0.3 µg/ mL), and dichloromethane ( IC50 = 41.3 ± 0.8 µg/mL) fractions inhibited the proliferation of Chinese Hamster ovarian (CHO) cells. The dichloromethane fraction was subjected to purification using column chromatography, which led to the isolation of apigenin. The structure of the isolated compound was confirmed by the reported spectroscopic data. Apigenin inhibited the proliferation of both CHO and HeLa cells with an I C50 values of 22.2 ± 0.5 and 6.2 ± 0.6 µg/mL, respectively. The apigenin was isolated and reported for the first time in T. potatoria. The leaves extract of T. potatoria showed curative effect on irregular estrus cycle and hormonal imbalance. The isolated constituent showed anticancer potential, hence it could reduce the risk of gynaecological cancers among PCOS patients. Keywords Tetracera potatoria · Antiproliferative · Flavonoids · Polycystic ovary syndrome · Luteinizing hormone · Follicle stimulating hormone
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading endocrine disorder affecting women worldwide. It is connected with ovulatory dysfunction, polycystic ovarian morphology and hyperandrogenism (Legro et al. 2013). In most studies, the incidence of PCOS among women is assessed to be between 5 and 20%. The criteria used and ethnicity of the studied population have been identified as factors responsible for the variation in the prevalence of PCOS (Azziz et al. 2004; Ehrmann 2005). In South-eastern Nigeria, prevalence rate * Mubo Adeola Sonibare [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
3
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
of 18.1% was reported when presence of numerous ovarian cysts was used as diagnostic criteria (Ugwu et al. 2013). Women affected with PCOS are at 2.7-fold increased risk of developing gynaecological cancers such as ovarian and cervical cancers. However, there is no established relationship between PCOS and breast cancer (Dumesic and Lobo 2013; Ding et al. 2017). Abnormal p53 tumour suppr
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