Optimization of the extraction of orange peel pectin and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity towards HEp2 cance
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(2020) 5:43
ORIGINAL PAPER
Optimization of the extraction of orange peel pectin and evaluation of its antiproliferative activity towards HEp2 cancer cells Hadjira Hamai‑Amara1 · Khalida Abdoun‑Ouallouche1 · Assia Nacer‑Khodja1 · Karima Abdelhafid1 · Abdelouafi Benmouloud2 · Assia Djefal‑Kerrar1 Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Orange is among the most widely used products in the global food industry. Waste from this industry could be a good source of raw materials for pectin extraction. The utility of pectin in various fields, in particular pharmaceuticals, has been widely demonstrated. Its stimulate the development of various transformation processes to increase the bioavailability of pectic oligosaccharides and increase their effectiveness. In this study, an agricultural by-product that is widely distributed in Algeria—orange peels—was valorized by extracting the pectin from it. The antiproliferative effect of this pectin on cancer cells was then investigated. The pectin extraction procedure was optimized by trialing different protocols and adjusting several parameters. The optimal extraction procedure involved acid hydrolysis of the orange peels after the removal of essential oils through hydrodistillation. Protocols for modifying pectin chemically (by altering the pH) and physically (via gamma irradiation) were developed. Physicochemical characterization of the resulting modified forms of pectin was carried out by determining the degree of esterification using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and the solubility of the pectin in water. The antiproliferative effects of the pectins on laryngeal cancer cells (HEp2) in vitro were assessed using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxicity assay. Pectin-induced cell death was observed by fluorescence microscopy after the cells had been stained with acridine orange. The strongest proapoptotic activity towards HEp2 cells was observed after 72 h of contact with chemically modified and irradiated pectin from orange peel. A cancer cell mortality rate of 95% was achieved using this modified pectin, as was a I C50 of 3.18 mg/ml, which was considerably lower than the I C50 for healthy cells. In conclusion, our results show the remarkable proapoptotic effect of chemically modified and irradiated orange peel pectin on a laryngeal cancer cell line, implying that it could be a good candidate for new cancer therapies. Keywords Pectin · Modified pectin · Orange peels · Antitumor activity · HEp2
Introduction Pectin is a natural polysaccharide found mainly in the primary walls of higher plants. It is present in large quantities in apples, quinces, seeds, and citrus peels (Sundari 2015). Communicated by Philippe Michaud, Chief Editor. This paper was selected from the 2nd Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI), Tunisia 2019. * Hadjira Hamai‑Amara [email protected] 1
Nuclear Research Center of Algiers, Frantz Fanon Bd, BP 399, Algiers, Algeria
University of M
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