Antithrombotic, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility of surface-functionalized titanium
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Antithrombotic, antimicrobial activities, and biocompatibility of surface-functionalized titanium Guannan Zhang1, Xingyu Zhang1, Zhiping Sun2, Xiaohong Yao1,a), Xiangyu Zhang1,b) 1
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People’s Republic of China School of Electromechanical and Automobile Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 14 August 2019; accepted: 9 November 2019
Titanium (Ti) has been extensively used in medical devices owing to their low density, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, thrombus formation and bacterial infections are still challenges for their application in specific clinical cases. Hence, we have developed a simple, efficient, and stable strategy that endow Ti with anticoagulant and antibacterial properties through chemical bonding and electrostatic bonding. A large number of hydroxyl groups were produced on the surface of Ti by annealing at 500 °C. Then, heparin was immobilized on annealed surface with chemical bonding and chitosan was captured in an electrostatically bound manner by simply soaking in solution. The results indicated that the surfacefunctionalized Ti exhibited excellent anticoagulant properties by a reduction in platelet adhesion and prolonged blood clotting time. Furthermore, the modified Ti also showed antibacterial properties against both Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
Introduction Thrombosis and bacterial infections are still the challenges restricting the applications of some medical devices, such as blood-contacting devices, biosensors, and drug delivery vehicle [1, 2, 3]. To address these problems, the surface modification of biomaterials by immobilization of biological molecules is becoming a topic of great interest [4, 5, 6, 7]. Titanium (Ti) has been widely used in medical devices due to its excellent performances. It was also known that the spontaneously formed TiO2 film on Ti surfaces plays a major role in the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [8, 9, 10, 11]. However, the thin spontaneously formed TiO2 film can hardly maintain the long-term performances. Annealing is an effective and easy method to prepare relatively thick TiO2 film on Ti [12, 13]. Beyond that, a large amount of hydroxyl radical (–OH) can be formed during the annealing treatment, which can build a bridge between biological molecules and Ti to immobilize them on the surface of Ti [14, 15, 16, 17]. As a common anticoagulant, heparin plays a key role in the coagulation process and can prolong the clotting time and prothrombin time. Lots of research has shown that heparin
ª Materials Research Society 2019
exhibited a rapid anticoagulant effect both in vivo and in vitro, mainly acting on fibrin and reducing platelet aggregation [18, 19, 20]. More importantly, heparin can covalently i
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