Anxiety and depression in glioma patients: prevalence, risk factors, and their correlation with survival
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Anxiety and depression in glioma patients: prevalence, risk factors, and their correlation with survival Aiping Hao 1 & Junling Huang 2 & Xin Xu 2 Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland 2020
Abstract Aims This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and prognostic value of anxiety and depression in glioma patients. Methods A total of 190 glioma patients who underwent resection were consecutively enrolled. Anxiety was assessed using hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS); depression was assessed with the use of HADS and Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). All patients were followed up to death or 36 months. Overall survival (OS) was calculated according to the survival data. Results The prevalence of anxiety ranged from 36.3 to 37.4%, and the prevalence of depression ranged from 28.4 to 32.6% based on different assessment scales. Female, diabetes, and increased WHO grade were correlated with HADS anxiety and SAS anxiety, while female, single/divorced/widowed status, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and CKD were associated with HADS depression and SDS depression. Further multivariate logistic analyses disclosed the following: single/divorced/widowed status and WHO grade were independent risk factors for HADS anxiety; female and hyperlipidemia were independent risk factors for SAS anxiety; whereas education duration (< 12 years), single/divorced/widowed status, and CKD were independent risk factors for HADS depression; female, single/divorced/widowed status, and hyperlipidemia were independent risk factors for SDS depression. Besides, HADS anxiety, SAS anxiety and SDS depression were correlated with shorter OS, while HADS depression was not. Conclusions Our findings about the risk factors and prognostic value of anxiety and depression might aid for their early prevention and prognosis improvement in glioma patients. Keywords Anxiety . Depression . Glioma . Overall survival . Risk factors
Introduction Glioma is a devastating neurologic disorder related to progressive functional decline, cognitive impairment, or even invariably death, which is the most common and malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system [1, 2]. Apart from the nature of glioma with progressive clinical course and high rate of recurrence, psychological disorders (including anxiety and depression) are common concerned problems in glioma
* Xin Xu [email protected] 1
Department of Strategy and Business Development, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, People’s Republic of China
patients [3, 4]. According to previous evidence, the possible causes of anxiety and depression in glioma patients are as follows: First, when faced with this devastating disease, several glioma patients may dwell on their stress and turn transient negative emotions into anxiety and depression [4] Second, several inter
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