Applications of physical methods in estimation of soil biota and soil organic matter
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-020-0038-2
REVIEW
Applications of physical methods in estimation of soil biota and soil organic matter Chagovetc Sergei1,2, Shenglei Fu1,2 ,* 1 Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China 2 Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Soil biota is the living component of soil organic matter (SOM), and plays a key role in the
Received January 21, 2020
decomposition of SOM. Both soil biota and SOM are indicators of soil fertility and soil quality.
Revised March 24, 2020 Accepted April 27, 2020
However, they both are sensitive to soil disturbance. Although researchers developed various technologies to detect soil biota and SOM, they are mostly destructive and cause disturbance
Keywords:
to soil, which may not reflect the actual situation of soil biota and SOM. Therefore, here we mostly focused on the non-destructive physical methods for estimating soil biota and SOM and
Soil organic matter
discussed their advantages and disadvantages. These methods include but not limited to
Soil biota
acoustic detection, radio frequency identification, radioactive tagging, hyperspectral sensing
Advanced method
and electron energy loss spectroscopy. In addition, we pointed out the current research
Acoustic method
problems and the potential research directions for applications of physical methods in
Spectroscopy
estimation of soil biota and SOM.
Tagging
1 Introduction Soil biota plays a central role in biogeochemical processes in soil (Coleman et al., 2016). The diversity and abundance of soil biota could indicate the status of soil health (Hodkinson and Jackson, 2005). However, soil biota is mostly hidden from our direct observations due to the small sizes, so scientists usually detect the “markers” left by soil biota rather than biotic groups themselves. These markers can be presented as excretes, tunnels or sounds (Harrison et al., 1993; Njoroge et al., 2017). Soil biota is the living component of soil organic matter (SOM), but they both are indicators of soil fertility and soil quality (Bongers and Ferris, 1999). For this reason, we attempt to cover the estimation methods for both soil biota and SOM in this article due to their inextricable relations. There are
* Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Fu)
© Higher Education Press 2020
many methods of estimating soil biota and SOM. The methods can be divided into two big groups: classical and advanced. Classical methods include chemical, biochemical and molecular analysis, and they are commonly used after destructive sampling; the advanced methods are more physically oriented and usually non-destructive. For soil microorganisms and SOM measurement, chemical, biochemical and molecular methods are normally used (Skinner et al., 1952; James, 1958; Taylor
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