Use of Sewage Sludge and Organic Matter Regime of Sod-Podzolic Soil
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CIENCE
Use of Sewage Sludge and Organic Matter Regime of Sod-Podzolic Soil G. Yu. Rabinovicha, E. A. Podolyana, and T. S. Zinkovskayaa, * a
Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Moscow, 119017 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 12, 2020; accepted February 20, 2020
Abstract—It is shown that sewage sludge formed during sewage treatment contains a significant amount of organic matter, nitrogen, and ash elements, which can be used by plants. The paper presents the results of a 3-year microplot experiment on sod-podzolic soil to determine the effect of sewage sludge added together with sawdust, peat, and straw at different ratios (the total rate was 60 t/ha). The parameters of the soil organic matter regime (content, reserves, and group and fractional composition) were studied. The substrates used with sewage sludge led to a significant increase in all parameters compared to the control experiment (without fertilizers). A trend towards a decrease in the fertilizing effect was observed when the ratio between sewage sludge and additional organic components increased from 1 : 1 to 1 : 3. Fresh sludge used together with peat or sawdust at a 1 : 1 ratio proved to be more effective than the compost based on sewage sludge. Keywords: sewage sludge, soil organic matter, peat, sawdust, straw DOI: 10.3103/S106836742005016X
The sharp decline in the production of organic fertilizers that has been observed in Russia in recent decades is caused by a decrease in the livestock sector of agriculture. These changes have affected crop production due to a decrease in soil fertility. It has been proven [1] that it is necessary to annually introduce over 6 t/ha of organic fertilizers for humus reproduction; however, their use is currently limited in some regions of the central zone of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the current volume of traditional organic fertilizers, including those produced from green manuring and straw plowback, is insufficient for the needs of current crop farming. Recent studies [2–4] have shown that sewage sludge composting makes it possible to obtain a valuable organic fertilizer. However, a limiting factor for the large-scale production of such composts is lack of material and financial resources. In addition, highquality composts are produced after the multiple mixing of a mixture, which takes much time. These factors make us search for less expensive ways of using sewage sludge (SS) in crop farming. One of these methods is to add fresh SS together with organic substrates (peat, sawdust, or straw) [5–11]. In addition to the problem of increasing soil fertility reproduction using SS, there is also another, no less important problem in contemporary society. The growth of the urban population leads to an intensification in the activity of urban sewage treatment facilities. Wastewater from industrial plants, storm drains, and
residential buildings enter settlers, where SS is formed in the digesters. Its volume is 1000 m3 per day. Sludge is located in silt detention ponds on the territory of the
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