Applying Both Chemical Liquefaction and Enzymatic Catalysis Can Increase Production of Agaro-Oligosaccharides from Agaro
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Applying Both Chemical Liquefaction and Enzymatic Catalysis Can Increase Production of AgaroOligosaccharides from Agarose JIANG Chengcheng1), LIU Zhen1), *, LIU Jie1), SUN Jianan1), XU Jiachao1), LI Laihao3), and MAO Xiangzhao1), 2), * 1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2) Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China 3) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China (Received January 6, 2020; revised April 5, 2020; accepted June 2, 2020) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract Red algae represents an important marine bioresource. One high-value utilization of red algae is the production of agarooligosaccharides which have many positive biological effects. However, the lack of an efficient production route seriously limits the application of agaro-oligosaccharides. In this study, we established a green route that combines chemical liquefaction and enzymatic catalysis for the efficient production of agaro-oligosaccharides, and we used the production of neoagarotetraose (NA4) as an example. Agarose (150 g L−1) liquefaction by citric acid was controlled with respect to two targets: a 100% liquefaction rate and a high average degree of polymerization (> 4) of the liquesced agaro-oligosaccharides, which were then catalyzed by β-agarase into an oligosaccharides mixture with a high concentration of NA4 (30.8 g L−1) in a 1-L reaction volume. After purification, we obtained 25.5 g of NA4 with a purity of 92%. This work establishes an easy route for the efficient production of pure agaro-oligosaccharides from agarose. Key words neoagarotetraose; agarose; agarase; marine polysaccharide; expression
1 Introduction Red algae is an important marine bioresource for the production of functional sugars and biofuels (Kim et al., 2013; Wei et al., 2013; Yun et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2017). The dominant component of red algae is the polysaccharide agarose, which consists of the units D-galactose (DGal) and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (L-AHG) with alternate α-1,3- and β-1,4-linkages (Chen et al., 2015). Agarose can be degraded by an acid or enzyme into agaro-oligosaccharides that contain agaro-oligosaccharides (AOSs) with D-Gal as the non-reducing end and neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOSs) with L-AHG as the non-reducing end (Yun et al., 2015). Both NAOSs and AOSs are valuable functional oligosaccharides that feature many positive biological effects, such as anti-aging (Ma et al., 2019a), protection against alcoholic liver injury (Jin et al., 2017) and the prevention of gut dysbiosis (Higashimura et al., 2016). Therefore, the production of agaro-oligosaccharides constitutes a high-value utilization of red algae. Moreover, a * Corresponding authors. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
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