Site-Specific Optimization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediated Phytoremediation
Anthropogenic contamination of soils with toxic metals has become a global environmental problem. Managed mycorrhization promotes phytoremediation and reuse of damaged fields. Site-specific optimization can be defined as selection of a tolerant fungal str
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Almas Zaidi • Parvaze Ahmad Wani • Mohammad Saghir Khan Editors
Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation
Editors Almas Zaidi Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology Aligarh India
Parvaze Ahmad Wani Crescent University College of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Biological Sciences Abeokuta, Ogun Nigeria
Mohammad Saghir Khan Aligarh Muslim University Fac. Agricultural Sciences Dept. Agricultural Microbiology Aligarh India
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e-ISBN 978-3-7091-0730-0
Preface
Rapid industrial operations and constantly dwindling fresh irrigation water sources have resulted in the increased use of industrial or municipal wastewater in agricultural practices, which quite often adds considerable amounts of heavy metals to soil. And therefore, metal concentrations sometimes present in soils commonly go beyond the threshold level, which after uptake by soil microbes including nodule bacteria, rhizobia, and plants such as legumes cause severe toxicity to both microbes and plants. In addition, heavy metals via food chain may cause human health problems also. Maintaining good soil quality is therefore of major practical importance for sustainable agronomic production. Contamination of agronomic soils with heavy metals and their consequent deleterious effects on the production systems have, therefore, received greater attention globally by the environmentalists. Among crops, legumes, which are grown largely in tropical and semiarid tropical regions, serve as a rich source of protein and provide a significant amount of nitrogen to soils. In addition, legumes are known to improve soil qualities, like organic matter, soil structure and porosity, fertility, microbial structure and composition, etc. In order to promote legume growth in varied ecosystems, microbes forming symbiosis with legumes and collectively called “rhiz
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