The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Against Root-Knot Nematode Infections in Coffee Plants
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Against Root-Knot Nematode Infections in Coffee Plants Geomar Vallejos-Torres 1
&
Elvis Espinoza 1
&
Jesús Marín-Díaz 2
&
Reynaldo Solis 3
&
Luis A. Arévalo 4
Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Coffee (Coffea arabica) is one of the most important tropical crops in the world, and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infections are one of the main factors that negatively affect crop yields throughout the South American region. This study aimed to evaluate the role of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against root-knot nematode infections in coffee plants grown under different soil conditions in the Peruvian Amazon. The experimental design was a 3A × 2B × 4C factorial scheme with 24 treatments. Each experimental unit consisted of six coffee plants, with three replicates in randomized blocks, totaling 18 coffee plants per treatment. The studied factors were soil conditions (A), types of coffee propagation (B), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consortia (C). The data were statistically examined by three-way analysis of variance, and the Tukey HSD test was applied for multiple comparisons of group means. Mycorrhiza-induced tolerance was confirmed against root-knot nematodes, as the severity of infection was significantly lower in mycorrhizal roots, with an average reduction of 52.5%, 38.5% and 38.3% in coffee plants inoculated with Huall-pache, Do-cat, and Mo-cat, respectively. Furthermore, the effects on plant growth and biological control vary depending on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi consortia, soil conditions, and type of propagation. This study therefore demonstrates that the inoculation of coffee plants with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi prior to field establishment promotes coffee plant growth after root-knot nematode infections. Keywords Biological control . Mycorrhizal colonization . Soil nematodes . Sustainable agriculture
1 Introduction Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most important tropical crops in the world and represents a significant source of income for farmers from several developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America (Andrade et al. 2009). Currently, across the tropics, smallholder farmers face numerous threats to agricultural production (Harvey et al. 2014), and coffee
* Geomar Vallejos-Torres [email protected] 1
Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Jirón Maynas 177, Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru
2
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenida La Molina S/N, La Molina, Lima, Peru
3
Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Avenida Arequipa 265, Lima, Peru
4
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Jirón Belén Torres de Tello 135, Morales, San Martín, Peru
farmers are no exception. As a climate-sensitive perennial crop, coffee is likely to be highly susceptible to changes in climate, and apparent negative effects include declines in crop yield and quality and increases in pest and disease infection (Pham
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