Assessing Metal Contamination in Recent Creek Sediments Using Fractionation Technique Along Mumbai Coast, India
Three sediment cores from a creek environment in Mumbai, extending from the head to the creek mouth, were studied with respect to elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn and Cr) along with organic matter (total organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen) a
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Assessing Metal Contamination in Recent Creek Sediments Using Fractionation Technique Along Mumbai Coast, India Lina L. Fernandes and G.N. Nayak
Abstract
Three sediment cores from a creek environment in Mumbai, extending from the head to the creek mouth, were studied with respect to elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn and Cr) along with organic matter (total organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen) and sediment components (sand, silt, clay). A sequential extraction procedure was also applied to understand the partitioning of trace metals among the different fractions of the sediment. Together with this data, pollution indices were also computed and comparison with numerical sediment quality guidelines carried out. Correlation analysis among the different variables displayed weaker relations of metals with the sediment components, while organic matter and Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides were found to act as important substrates for metal sequestration in the creek region. The fractionation results reveal almost all the elements were associated with the residual fraction, while Mn was high in the bioavailable fraction.
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Introduction
Concerns regarding the trace metals in estuarine environments have changed from the focus of just measuring total metal levels to understanding the processes and controls on metal behaviour.
L.L. Fernandes (*) CSIR- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India e-mail: [email protected] G.N. Nayak Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Taleigão, Goa 403 206, India
Considering that a metal’s availability is affected by its association with one or more of the different sediment components (organic matter, carbonates, sulphides, oxides), total metal concentration provides partial information about its potential interaction between the biotic and abiotic environments. Therefore, to better estimate metal bioavailability, an understanding of the partitioning of a particular metal among these sediment components is necessary. This study addresses the processes and controls on metal bioavailability so that further insight can be gained in the prediction of trace metal uptake in organisms.
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 M.M. Naik, S.K. Dubey (eds.), Marine Pollution and Microbial Remediation, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1044-6_1
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L.L. Fernandes and G.N. Nayak
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Thane Creek, in western Mumbai, being surrounded by highly urbanised and industrialised region forms an integral part of Mumbai, subjected to the effects and influences of these developments. Total metal concentrations in sediments of the region have been reported earlier (Sharma et al. 1994; Zingde and Desai 1981; Patel et al. 1975, 1985; Bhosale and Sahu 1991), which found increased level of contaminants such as Cu, Co, Zn, Cr and Ni. In recent years, studies on quality of the creek sediments have been undertaken, and the results indicate that contamination problems concerning heavy metal pollution still exist (Jha et al. 2003; Ram et al. 1998, 2003, 2009). Study carried out by Krish
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