Appraisal of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Shitalakhya River in Bangladesh using pollution indices, geo-
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Appraisal of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Shitalakhya River in Bangladesh using pollution indices, geo-spatial, and multivariate statistical analysis Md. Humayun Kabir 1 & Md. Sirajul Islam 1 & Md. Enamul Hoq 2 & Tanmoy Roy Tusher 1,3 & Md. Saiful Islam 4,5 Received: 30 October 2019 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Rapid urbanization and industrialization have aggravated heavy metal contamination in river sediments of the riverine ecosystem in developing countries like Bangladesh owing to their toxicity and persistence. Sediments are dynamic components and useful indicators to understand the level of contamination and their associated ecological risks in the aquatic environment. The study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal contamination in sediments for assessing the ecological risks of an urban river of Bangladesh using principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson’s correlation matrix, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD), pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factors (EF), and potential ecological risk factor (RI). The ranges of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd in sediments were 42.22–99.55, 11.12–57.83, 7.98–53.31, 6.76–22.41, and 0.38–0.87 mg/kg, respectively. In the present study, heavy metal concentration in sediments followed the descending order of Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd, while the concentrations of Cu, Cr, and Cd were higher and the concentrations of Pb and Zn were lower than the toxicity reference value (TRV). Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) demonstrated that most of the sediment samples were unpolluted to moderately polluted. The PLI ranged from 0.334 to 1.209 that stated that sediments were moderately polluted by studied metals. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that heavy metal contamination was influenced by multiple pollution sources. The extent of heavy metal pollution in the Shitalakhya River implies that the condition is much frightening to both the aquatic biota and inhabitants in the vicinity of the river. Keywords Heavy metal . Sediment quality . Urban river . Pollution indices . Bangladesh
Introduction Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel * Md. Saiful Islam [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
2
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh
3
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba-6-6 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
4
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki,, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
5
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
In recent years, metal contamination in the aquatic environment has attracted global attention and reached an anxious level owing to its abundance
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