Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of Roadside Plants for the De
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Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of Roadside Plants for the Development of Greenbelt in Urban Area of Bathinda City, Punjab, India Radheshyam Yadav1 · Puneeta Pandey1 Received: 6 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of the present study is to biomonitor the tolerance level of roadside plant species towards mitigation of air pollution for the development of greenbelt. The leaves of four plant species (Azadirachta indica, Ficus benghalensis, Melia azedarach and Polyalthia longifolia) were collected from 41 sampling sites of Bathinda city during summer and winter seasons. Seasonal variation in APTI and API was determined in selected plants. Highest APTI (13.54) was reported in F. benghalensis during summer and lowest APTI (11.69) in A. indica during winter season. The APTI and API value revealed that F. benghalensis was the best performer, A. indica and M. azedarach were excellent performers and P. longifolia a good performer in greenbelt development to mitigate the air pollution. Pearson’s correlation analysis illustrated significant correlation between APTI, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, relative water and pH, respectively. Keywords Air pollution · APTI · API · Greenbelt Air pollution has become a severe problem in developing countries across the world due to rapid urbanization and industrialization (Zhou 2018). The effects of air pollutants are manifested in the form of adverse effects on physiological (pH and relative water content), morphological (leaf area, leaf number, stomata structure, and stomata number, flowering, growth and reproduction) and biochemical (ascorbic acid, proteins, enzymes and pigments) parameters of roadside plants (Aleadelat and Ksaibati 2018). The rate of exposure of plants to air pollutants increases due to their perennial nature, dust concentration, meteorological conditions, physicochemical properties and residence time of air pollutants (Janhall 2015). Plant leaves are used as an efficient pollutant trapping material due to their large surface area and enormously uncovered parts (Prajapati and Tripathi 2008; Rai 2016). Stress generated from the deposition of dust particles on leaf surface affects the concentration of ascorbic acid, total
* Puneeta Pandey [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
chlorophyll, relative water content and pH of leaf extract indicating polluted urban environment. Shading effect produced by the deposition of dust on leaf surface interferes with the photochemical reaction of plant species (Hariram et al. 2018). Chlorophyll content of plants decreases due to photochemical reactions like oxidation, reduction, reversible bleaching and generation of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast under polluted area (Pathak et al. 2011; Bakiyaraj and Ayyappan 2014). Ascorbic a
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