Extraction optimization of insecticidal compounds from Lysurus mokusin by response surface methodology
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Extraction optimization of insecticidal compounds from Lysurus mokusin by response surface methodology Liannan Lin1 • Jing Yang1 • Guocai Zhang1 • Xiaobo Zhang1 • Chuanshan Zou1 Tingyu Wang1 • Jianyong Zeng1
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Received: 22 June 2018 / Accepted: 2 October 2018 Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract We optimized the extraction process of Lysurus mokusin (L.) Fr. insecticidal compound (LMIC) using response surface methodology with ultrasonic extraction (UE). The surface morphologies of maceration extract (ME) and UE residues were compared by scanning electron microscopy, and then the activity of LMIC on Lymantria dispar (Asian gypsy moths) larvae was determined. Results showed that the optimal condition of UE was followed by 80 min of extraction time, 60% of ethanol concentration and 80 mL g-1 of liquid–solid ratio. The surface morphologies of UE residue were looser and rougher than ME residue. The corrected mortalities of LMIC on L. dispar larvae was 59.77%. This result indicated that L. mokusin was a good candidate as pesticide for pest management. Keywords Lysurus mokusin Gypsy moth Response surface Extraction process Toxicity test
Liannan Lin and Jing Yang have contributed equally to this work. Project funding: The work was supported by the Central University Fundamental Research Funds Special Fund Project [2572016AA03, 25720171118], Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project [2016RAXXJ035] and the Central Financial Forest Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Fund Project [JLT[2016]13]. The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu. & Guocai Zhang [email protected] 1
School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
Introduction Lysurus mokusin (Phallaceae) is one of the most common fungi in China (Mao 1998). Generally, the fruiting bodies of L. mokusin are pentagonal, and the apical tissue produces dark brown coccus mucus on the medial side and stench smell that produced is considered to be the effect of attracting insects to spread fungal spores (Chen et al. 2014a, b). There are documents and news that have reported that L. mokusin is poisonous. Cortez, V. G. reported that Lysurus cruciatus (Phallaceae) was toxic to dog and dogs would vomited after eating (Cortez and Rossoni 2014). Researchers found that the volatile oil extracted from Dictyophora indusiata (Phallaceae), which contained antimicrobial ingredients such as sesquiterpenes, ketones and aldehydes (Sheng 2004). At present, the main method of controlling pests is using chemical pesticides (Montesinos 2003). However, the use of chemical pesticides has resulted in polluting water and food sources, poisoning nontarget organisms, and the emergence of pest resistance (Scheyer et al. 2005; Kumar et al. 2008). Therefore, researchers are devoted to studying biodegradable and environmentally friendly pesticides. Microorganisms is an option that may help reduce the use of chemical products in agriculture and is
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