Association of Streptococcus mutans collagen binding genes with severe childhood caries
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Association of Streptococcus mutans collagen binding genes with severe childhood caries Gurkaran S. Lamba 1 & Delphine Dufour 2 & S. M. Hashim Nainar 3 & Iacopo Cioffi 1 & Céline M. Lévesque 2 & Siew-Ging Gong 1 Received: 17 August 2019 / Accepted: 20 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective An important factor in the assessment of caries risk is the presence of specific oral microflora, especially Streptococcus mutans. Some S. mutans strains possess proteins capable of binding collagen, such as the Cnm and Cbm proteins. The aim is to determine the presence of S. mutans strains carrying collagen binding proteins in a group of subjects with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). Materials and methods S. mutans strains isolated from 15 S-ECC children were analyzed for collagen binding domains (cbd) of the cnm (cbd/cnm) and cbm (cbd/cbm) genes and their ability to bind to collagen. Results S. mutans strains positive for cbd/cnm or cbd/cbm were only found in 3 subjects with the most severe caries profile, with one subject having both cbd/cnm and cbd/cbm, and the other two with one of each. cnm/cbm-positive S. mutans strains bound to collagen substrate more avidly compared with negative S. mutans strains from each of the three groups. Conclusions Our findings of an association between the presence of the collagen binding domains of the cnm/cbm genes in plaque S. mutans and the most aggressive form of caries profile in children offer a potential strategy to identify an individual’s risk for caries progression. Our study should be replicated in other settings and communities in longitudinal and longer-term studies. Clinical relevance Our data offer a potential tool in the caries risk management and assessment in children. Keywords Caries risk assessment . Collagen binding domain . cnm gene . cbm gene . Streptococcus mutans . Early childhood caries
Introduction Dental caries lesions can occur in very young children soon after the eruption of teeth. Among the diseases afflicting children worldwide, the most prevalent is early childhood caries (ECC), defined as “the presence of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surface in any primary tooth in a child under the age of six” and the severe form of ECC called severe-ECC [1]. * Siew-Ging Gong [email protected] 1
Faculty of Dentistry, Orthodontics, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M2G 1G6, Canada
2
Faculty of Dentistry, Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
3
Faculty of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Indeed, ECC affects 1.76 billion children with deciduous teeth [2, 3]. These children suffer pain, impaired quality of life, negative social interactions, reduced cognitive and neurodevelopment, and the risk of serious systemic infections and future recurrences and hospitalization [4, 5]. Treatment in these children is often completed under general anesthesia
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