Probiotic Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 to Inhibit Streptococcus mutans in a Gellan-Based Formulation
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Probiotic Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4 to Inhibit Streptococcus mutans in a Gellan-Based Formulation Janaína Araújo de Alvarenga 1 & Patrícia Pimentel de Barros 1 & Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro 1 & Rodnei Dennis Rossoni 1 & Maíra Terra Garcia 1 & Marisol dos Santos Velloso 1 & Shashank Shukla 2 Beth Burgwyn Fuchs 3 & Anita Shukla 2 & Eleftherios Mylonakis 3 & Juliana Campos Junqueira 1
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Accepted: 20 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Streptococcus mutans is considered to be a major bacterium involved in dental caries, and the control of virulence mechanisms is fundamental to prevent disease. Probiotics present a promising preventive method; however, the use of probiotics requires its incorporation into delivery materials to facilitate oral colonization. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study examining preventive effects of Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4–enriched gellan hydrogel materials to inhibit S. mutans in planktonic and biofilm states, addressing its influence in the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and altered gene expression of several cariogenic virulence factors. L. paracasei 28.4, a strain isolated from the oral cavity of a caries-free individual, was incorporated in three gellan hydrogels (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% w/v). The pretreatment with probiotic-gellan formulations provided a release of L. paracasei cells over 24 h that was sufficient to inhibit the planktonic growth of S. mutans, independent of the gellan concentrations and pH variations. This pretreatment also had inhibitory activity against S. mutans biofilms, exhibiting a reduction of 0.57 to 1.54 log10 in CFU/mL (p < 0.0001) and a decrease of 68.8 to 71.3% in total biomass (p < 0.0001) compared with the control group. These inhibitory effects were associated with the decreased production of EPS by 80% (p < 0.0001) and the downregulation of luxS, brpA, gbpB, and gtfB genes. The gellan formulation containing L. paracasei 28.4 exhibited probiotic effects for preventing S. mutans growth, biofilm formation, and production of cariogenic factors to suggest possible use in tooth decay prevention. Keywords Biofilm . Extracellular polysaccharides . Gene expression . Lactobacillus paracasei . Probiotic . Streptococcus mutans . Gellan hydrogels Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09712-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Patrícia Pimentel de Barros [email protected]
Beth Burgwyn Fuchs [email protected] Anita Shukla [email protected]
Janaína Araújo de Alvarenga [email protected]
Eleftherios Mylonakis [email protected]
Felipe de Camargo Ribeiro [email protected]
Juliana Campos Junqueira [email protected]
Rodnei Dennis Rossoni [email protected] 1
Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University/UNESP, Av. Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José
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