Associations of serum uric acid and urinary albumin with the severity of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Associations of serum uric acid and urinary albumin with the severity of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes Donghe Chen1†, Xiufang Sun2†, Xinxin Zhao3* and Ying Liu1*
Abstract Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this retrospective study was to reveal the risk factors for the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM. Demographic data and biochemical parameters were collected and analyzed. Methods: A total of 518 individuals with type 2 diabetes were included. These individuals were classified into three groups according to the severity of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group (N = 172), non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group (N = 184), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group (N = 162). Demographic and clinical measurement data of the individuals were collected by reviewing medical records and direct interview. The demographic data and biochemical parameters between groups were compared using Student’s t-test. Moreover, the factors related to severity of diabetic retinopathy were identified by using the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: No significant difference in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes duration was found among these three groups. The serum uric acid (SUA), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), homocysteine, and urinary albumin levels were significantly higher in the NPDR and PDR group than those in the NDR group (P < 0.05). The individuals in the PDR group had obviously higher levels of SUA, homocysteine, and urinary albumin than individuals in the NPDR group (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high SUA, homocysteine, TC, LDL-c, and urinary albumin levels were associated with more serious diabetic retinopathy (OR > 1; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The concentrations of SUA and urinary albumin are associated with the severity of DR in individuals with T2DM. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Serum uric acid, Urinary albumin
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Donghe Chen and Xiufang Sun should be regard as co-first authors. 3 Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Suihua, No. 180 Beilin Road, Beilin District, Suihua 152000, China 1 Department of Endocrinology, Daqing People’s Hospital, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.213, Jianshe Road, Development zone, Daqing 163000, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other
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