Automated Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Microbial Lipids from Oleaginous Yeasts
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Automated Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Microbial Lipids from Oleaginous Yeasts Qiang Li 1,2 & Rasool Kamal 1,2 & Yadong Chu 1,3 & Qian Wang 1,3 & Xue Yu 1,3 & Qitian Huang 1,3 Received: 4 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 April 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The lipids produced by oleaginous microbes are considered sustainable resources for biofuels. To facilitate controlled lipid production and lipid analysis, more efficient lipid extraction methods are required. This study describes the automated pressurized liquid extraction (APLE) method for lipid extraction from dried cells of the oleaginous yeast species Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus. Cells were mixed with diatomite in a mortar, added to the sample chamber, and treated with a mixture of chloroform and methanol at 105 °C. More than 95% lipids were extracted. Analysis by using high-performance thin-layer chromatography showed that the neutral lipid contents in the obtained samples by APLE method were similar to those by the ball milling– assisted extraction method. The lipids had an essentially identical fatty acid composition compared with lipids extracted with the acid-heating extraction (AHE) method. This demonstrated that lipids can be efficiently extracted from oleaginous yeasts in less time and without harsh pretreatment procedures. Keywords Rhodosporidium toruloides . Cryptococcus curvatus . Lipid extraction . APLE
Highlights 1. Automated pressurized liquid extraction was used to extract lipids directly. 2. Almost 100% lipids were extracted from oleaginous yeasts within 40 min. 3. Fatty acid profiles of lipids are identical to those reported in the literature. 4. This method is valuable for microbial lipid analysis.
* Qitian Huang [email protected]
1
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Lu, Beijing 100049, China
3
Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, China
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction Along with vegetable oils, animal fats, and other waste oils, microbial lipids could also be used for biodiesel production. Oleaginous yeasts are excellent candidates for the production of microbial lipids [1]. Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus in particular are two yeasts that can accumulate more than 60% of lipids in their dry cell mass on corn stover hydrolysate [2]. Lipid extraction is a significant part of whole-microbial lipid technology and is especially important for lipid component analysis and process tracking. Reliable and simple methods are required for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lipid components extracted from oleaginous yeasts. Acid-heating extraction (AHE) is a conventional lipid extraction method, which requires complex procedures that include four main steps: drying, cell disruption, extraction of lipids, and r
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