Bacterial community analysis of biofilm on API 5LX carbon steel in an oil reservoir environment
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RESEARCH PAPER
Bacterial community analysis of biofilm on API 5LX carbon steel in an oil reservoir environment Punniyakotti Elumalai1 · Mohamad S. AlSalhi2 · Sanjeet Mehariya3 · Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan4 · Sandhanasamy Devanesan2 · Punniyakotti Parthipan5 · Aruliah Rajasekar6 Received: 27 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to characterize the biofilm microbial community that causes corrosion of API 5LX carbon steel. API 5LX carbon steel coupons were incubated with raw produced water collected from two oil reservoir stations or filter-sterilized produced water. Biofilm 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that the bacterial community present in the biofilm was dominated by Proteobacteria, including Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclaustics and Marinobacter alkaliphilus. Electrochemical analysis such as impedance and polarization results indicated that Proteobacteria biofilm accelerated corrosion by ~ twofold (2.1 ± 0.61 mm/years) or ~ fourfold (~ 3.7 ± 0.42 mm/years) when compared to the control treatment (0.95 ± 0.1 mm/years). Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy revealed the presence of a thick biofilm and pitting corrosion. X-ray diffraction revealed higher amounts of the corrosion products Fe2O3, γ-FeOOH, and α-FeOOH, and confirmed that the microbial biofilm strongly oxidized the iron and contributed to the acceleration of corrosion of carbon metal API 5LX. Keywords Biocorrosion · Biotic system · MiSeq analysis · Proteobacteria · Weight loss
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02447-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohamad S. AlSalhi [email protected] * Aruliah Rajasekar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, Guandong, China
2
Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box‑2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Real Casa Dell’Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, CE, Italy
4
College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
5
Electro‑Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
6
Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India
Natural crude oil reservoirs contain multiphase fluids, including crude oil, gas, and produced water. The reservoirs comprise multifaceted ecological niches consisting of undetermined thermophilic and mesophilic archaea/bacteria that may metabolize organic and inorganic compounds in the crude oil and metal pipelines under the extreme environmental conditions in the reservoirs [1, 2]. These microbial communities ha
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