Beyond Antibiotics: Photo/Sonodynamic Approaches for Bacterial Theranostics

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Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12:144 Received: 28 April 2020 Accepted: 15 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00485-3

Beyond Antibiotics: Photo/Sonodynamic Approaches for Bacterial Theranostics Xin Pang1,2 *, Dengfeng Li2,3, Jing Zhu1, Jingliang Cheng1 *, Gang Liu2 * * Xin Pang, [email protected]; Jingliang Cheng, [email protected]; Gang Liu, [email protected] 1 Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China 2 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, People’s Republic of China 3



Amoy Hopeful Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 361027 Xiamen, People’s Republic of China

HIGHLIGHTS • Recent advances in bacterial theranostics using antimicrobial photo/sonodynamic therapy (aPDT/SDT) are summarized in this review. • The inherent optical characteristics of photo/sonosensitizers facilely enable imaging diagnosis of bacterial infections. • Reactive oxygen species as the killing effector of aPDT/SDT cause broad-spectrum damage for sterilization with no concern about antibiotic resistance.

among bacterial pathogens are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) provides an

generated ROS by aPDT/SDT cause broad-spectrum oxidative damage for sterilization. In this review, we systemically outline the mechanisms,

A Aggregation-i n du emissi ce on d

ROS

ROS

aS DT

SS

no

pa

les rtic

facilely with the inherent optical characteristics of sensitizers, and the

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theranostic application where imaging diagnosis can be accomplished

PS

DT aP

management of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, especially in the

Theranostics

Oxyg enge n n a n o en era zy m t in e

Recent advances in aPDT and aSDT reveal golden opportunities for the

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driven treatment emerges as antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT).

SS

PS

g

low-frequency ultrasonic wave to activate sensitizer, a novel ultrasound-

Imaging n inatio mb Co erapy th

microorganisms without resistance concern. When replacing light with

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(ROS), which are highly cytotoxic to induce apoptosis in virtually all

SS

PS

m

light and photoactivated sensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species

Ba c ter nano ia-sp sy st ecif e

ic

excellent alternative. This treatment depends on the interaction between

used - ca on i t ga ching re n gg u e q

ABSTRACT  Rapid evolution and propagation of multidrug resistance

targets, and current progress of aPDT/SDT for bacterial theranostic application. Furthermore, potential limitations and future perspectives are also highlighted. KEYWORDS  Photodynamic therapy; Sonodynamic therapy; Theranostics; Multidrug resistant; Reactive oxygen species

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1 Introduction The worryin