Novel biotechnological approaches for monitoring and immunization against resistant to antibiotics Escherichia coli and
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(2020) 16:420
DEBATE
Open Access
Novel biotechnological approaches for monitoring and immunization against resistant to antibiotics Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria José E. Belizário1*
and Marcelo P. Sircili2
Abstract The application of next-generation molecular, biochemical and immunological methods for developing new vaccines, antimicrobial compounds, probiotics and prebiotics for zoonotic infection control has been fundamental to the understanding and preservation of the symbiotic relationship between animals and humans. With increasing rates of antibiotic use, resistant bacterial infections have become more difficult to diagnose, treat, and eradicate, thereby elevating the importance of surveillance and prevention programs. Effective surveillance relies on the availability of rapid, cost-effective methods to monitor pathogenic bacterial isolates. In this opinion article, we summarize the results of some research program initiatives for the improvement of live vaccines against avian enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using virulence factor gene deletion and engineered vaccine vectors based on probiotics. We also describe methods for the detection of pathogenic bacterial strains in eco-environmental headspace and aerosols, as well as samples of animal and human breath, based on the composition of volatile organic compounds and fatty acid methyl esters. We explain how the introduction of these low-cost biotechnologies and protocols will provide the opportunity to enhance co-operation between networks of resistance surveillance programs and integrated routine workflows of veterinary and clinical public health microbiology laboratories. Keywords: Bacterial vaccines, Microbiomes, Probiotics, Antibiotics, VOCs, And FAMEs
Background In many South American countries, more than twothirds of all antimicrobials produced are administrated to animals, not human patients, mainly for growth promotion, treating animal disease and prophylaxis [1, 2]. Indiscriminate use of antimicrobials may select for drugresistant pathogens as well as for mobile genetic elements (plasmids, bacteriophages) carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to both human and nonhuman * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
animal pathogens. In addition, antibiotic overuse contributes to the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and increases the risk factor of infections and diseases in both animals and humans [3]. Bacteria commonly found in the poultry industry include Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens type A, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli [4, 5]. Dietary supplementation with broad-spectrum antimicrobials such as bacitracin prevents the risk of necrotic enteritis caused by C. perfringens in broiler chickens. However, this provides the opportunity
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