Structural and Biological Investigation of Green Synthesized Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
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Structural and Biological Investigation of Green Synthesized Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles S. P. Vinay1 · N. Chandrasekhar1 Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Green synthesis nanoparticles are considered as an alternative effective resource instead of chemical engineered nanoparticles. Using seed extract for green synthesis, essential for the reduction and oxidation process of the metals. Rauvolfia tetraphylla (L.) seed extract was used to synthesize dark brown colored silver (Ag) and white colored zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different spectroscopic analysis (XRD, XPS, and SEM with EDAX). Characterization results confirmed the particle morphology, and structure. The synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs were analyzed against two gram positive and three gram negative bacteria. Increased levels of green synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed increased zone of inhibition than compared with ciprofloxacin (positive control). Our study proved that the green synthesized Ag and ZnO NPs showed similar unique physical and chemical properties with composite/doped metal oxide nanoparticles but less toxic while their discharge into the ecosystem. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Silver · Zinc oxide · Green synthesis · SEM · EDAX · Antibacterial studies
* S. P. Vinay [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction For the past two decades, nanotechnology is an efficient branch of science which gained lots of researchers as well as public interest due to their immense role in various fields [1]. In worldwide, the utilization of nanoparticles in various sectors has increased from 225,060 to 584,984t with 21.1% annual growth rate [2]. Nanoparticles exhibited different shape and structure with unique properties. Engineered chemical nanoparticles (NPs) were extensively utilized in cosmetics, medicine, food and biological sciences [3] resulted in a high incidence of discharge into the ecosystem either accidentally or intentionally [4]. Accumulation of engineered chemical NPs in the environment causes serious health ailments to the biota including humans [5, 6]. Silver (Ag) and zinc (Zn) nanoparticles belonged to the metal oxide nanoparticles category [7]. Ag nanoparticles considered as noble metal nanoparticles due to their good compatibility and target oriented interactions and generally used as cell compound delivery vehicle [8–12]. Ag NPs also acts as an efficient antibacterial agent [13, 14]. Rubber production, LCD and solar cells manufacturing and LCDs, as a whitener in pigment productions, electronics, chemical fibers and textiles [15, 16], antifouling paints [17] whereas bulk ZnO were increasingly altered by ZnO NPs due to its potent antibacterial activities [18]. Nowadays, green synthesis of nanoparticles has gained researcher attention to produce less toxic while cost effective nanoproducts which has the simila
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