Biobanking of vegetable genetic resources by in vitro conservation and cryopreservation
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REVIEW PAPER
Biobanking of vegetable genetic resources by in vitro conservation and cryopreservation Claudia Ruta1 • Maurizio Lambardi2
•
Elif Aylin Ozudogru3
Received: 6 April 2020 / Revised: 12 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Today, application of in vitro culture by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures and cryopreservation of organs, tissues and cells in liquid nitrogen presents a remarkable strategic tool to support medium- and long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. Over the last 30 years, considerable progresses have been made in the development of both methods that are currently considered as ex situ conservation strategies, complementary to traditional seed banks and in-field clonal collections. Efficient protocols were developed for the conservation of a large number of crops, including strategically-important vegetables, such as garlic, artichoke, asparagus, cassava, Jerusalem artichoke, mint, potato, sweet potato, chicory, taro, thyme and yam. As a consequence, more than 45,000 accessions of vegetable crops are maintained in 22 genetic resources conservation centers (biobanks), located in 16 countries and 6 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North and South America). Approximately 4/5 of these accessions are maintained in vitro by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures, but cryopreservation is also constantly growing, with almost 8300 vegetable accessions being stored in liquid nitrogen at - 196 C. Keywords Biobanks Cryopreservation Cryobanks In vitro banks Slow growth storage
Communicated by Daniel Sanchez Mata. This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Ex-situ conservation. & Maurizio Lambardi [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari ‘‘Aldo Moro’’, via Amendola 165/a, 70125 Bari, Italy
2
IBE-Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council (CNR), via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
3
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istinye University Istanbul, Edirne C ¸ irpici Street, Building no.9, Zeytinburnu, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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Biodiversity and Conservation
Abbreviations ARC CAAS CAES CePaCT CIAT CIP CPRI CRI EMBRAPA ICAR - NBPGR IITA InHort IPK IRD NAC NARO NCSS NIAS NICS PFR PRI USDA-ARS USPG VIR
Agricultural Research Council; South Africa Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; China Central Agricultural Experiment Station; Japan Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees; Republic of Fiji International Center of Tropical Agriculture; Colombia International Potato Center; Peru Central Potato Research Institute; India Crop Research Institute; Czech Republic Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation; Brazil National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources; India International Institute for Tropical Agriculture; Nigeria Research Institute of Horticulture; Poland Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Germany Institut de Recherche pour
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