Recent developments in strontium-based biocomposites for bone regeneration
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REVIEW Biomaterials
Recent developments in strontium‑based biocomposites for bone regeneration Songou Zhang1 · Yongqiang Dong2 · Meikai Chen1 · Yifan Xu1 · Jianfeng Ping1 · Wangzhen Chen1 · Wenqing Liang3 Received: 22 October 2019 / Accepted: 25 January 2020 © The Japanese Society for Artificial Organs 2020
Abstract Recent advances in biomaterial designing techniques offer immense support to tailor biomimetic scaffolds and to engineer the microstructure of biomaterials for triggering bone regeneration in challenging bone defects. The current review presents the different categories of recently explored strontium-integrated biomaterials, including calcium silicate, calcium phosphate, bioglasses and polymer-based synthetic implants along with their in vivo bone formation efficacies and/or in vitro cell responses. The role and significance of controlled drug release scaffold/carrier design in strontium-triggered osteogenesis was also comprehensively described. Furthermore, the effects of stem cells and growth factors on bone remodeling are also elucidated. Keywords Biomimetic scaffold · Osteogenesis · Bone · Strontium · Biocomposites · Biomaterials
Introduction Bone is a connective tissue with the capacity for continuous resorption and reformation, but additional support is needed to repair large bone defects caused by injury, tumor removal and age-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis [1]. In recent decades, bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategy has rapidly emerged owing to the constraints of the traditional treatment methods [2]. Researchers have designed diverse biomaterials with key properties which stimulate the regeneration of damaged bone without adverse inflammation. Also, efforts have been made to predict their Songou Zhang and Yongqiang Dong are first authors with equal contributions. * Wenqing Liang [email protected] 1
Shaoxing University School of Medicine, No. 900 Chengnan Avenue, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Orthopaedics, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Shaoxing 312500, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
3
Shaoxing People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, 568# Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
osteogenesis mechanisms and immune responses to avoid potential side effects [3]. Although numerous synthetic biomaterials exhibited better in vitro response and in vivo bone defect healing efficacy, only a few displayed successful bone formation/healing in clinical trials [4]. Studies have suggested that inclusion of trace elements, alternative synthetic routes, surface modification, polymer coating, etc. are the key strategies to resolve the limitations of a biomaterial, accelerate the defect healing and promote bone formation [5]. Strontium (Sr) is a promising trace element capable of triggering new bone formation by inducing osteoblasts and preventing osteoclast activity [6]. Strontium ranelate, a strontium containing anti-osteoporotic
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