Biosimilars in Malaysia: Regulatory Framework, Approved Products, and Adverse Effects
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REVIEW
Biosimilars in Malaysia: Regulatory Framework, Approved Products, and Adverse Effects Noraisyah Mohd Sani1,2 · Zoriah Aziz, BPharm (Hons), MSc, MApp Stats, PhD1,3 · Adeeba Kamarulzaman1 Received: 6 September 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 © The Drug Information Association, Inc 2020
Abstract Introduction Biosimilars are a cost-effective alternative to original biologic medicines that allow patients access to biologic therapies for various chronic diseases. Our paper aims to provide an overview of biosimilars in Malaysia with emphasis on the comparison of Malaysian guidelines with guidelines from well-established regulatory agencies, a review of biosimilars’ market approval and their reported adverse effects (AEs) as well as clinical trials conducted in Malaysia. Methods We searched the official websites of the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA) Malaysia and three other well-established agencies, online databases of Medline® and EMBASE for guidelines on legislation and regulations of biosimilars. Meanwhile, we extracted the reports of AEs involving biosimilars in Malaysia from the NPRA database and for global AEs from the World Health Organisation VigyLize database. The ClinicalTrials.gov Website by the U.S. National Library of Medicines was the source for data on clinical trials. Results Malaysia followed the principles of the European Medicines Agency biosimilar regulations and issued their guideline in 2008. Since then, NPRA has approved 24 biosimilar products and recorded 499 AE reports, of which 43 (8.6%) were serious. NPRA has also approved ten Phase III clinical trials in Malaysia with four trials still ongoing. Conclusion Malaysia follows a stringent regulatory pathway for the approval of biosimilars enacted by well-established regulatory agencies to maintain the quality, efficacy and safety of biosimilars. Introducing biosimilars to the Malaysian market would improve patients’ accessibility to biologic therapies. Keywords Biologic therapies · Regulatory guidelines · Adverse effects · Clinical trials · Substitutions · Interchangeability
Introduction Biologics are produced by a living organism and require advanced manufacturing processes; hence, their relatively high cost compared to chemical drugs. Patients often use biologics therapies for chronic conditions that require longterm treatment thus causing a significant burden on the healthcare systems [1]. One of the proposed solutions to address the high cost of biologics is to use non-originator biologics known as * Zoriah Aziz [email protected] 1
Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
biosimilars. Biosimilars are biologics that are highly similar to the originator biologics with no clinical differences in terms of quality attributes, efficacy, safety and immunogenicity to the originato
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