Biosynthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Produced by a Wild Strain of Acetobacter spp.
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Biosynthesis and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Produced by a Wild Strain of Acetobacter spp. Fatima Yassine1,2,3, Michael Ibrahim1, Maria Bassil1, Ali Chokr3,4, Anatoli Serghei2, Antoine El Samrani3, Mario El Tahchi1,3 and Gisele Boiteux2. 1
LBMI, Department of Physics, Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences II, PO Box 90656 Jdeidet, Lebanon, email: [email protected], Tel: +961 3 209688, Fax: +961 1 681553. IMP@LYON1, UMR CNRS 5223 «Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères», Lyon 1 University, ISTIL Building, 15 Boulevard A. Latarget, 69 622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France,email: [email protected],Tel: +33 4 72 44 85 64, Fax: +33 4 78 89 25 83. 3 PRASE, Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies- Lebanese University, PO Box 5, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon, email: [email protected] Tel: +961 5 470936, Fax.+ 961 5 463278. 4 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, e-mail: [email protected], Tel: +961 70 924383. 2
ABSTRACT Many advances in nanomaterials synthesis have been recorded during the last 30 years. Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by bacteria belonging to the genera Acetobacter, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and Sarcina is acquiring major importance as one of many eco-friendly materials with great potential in the biomedical field. The shape of BC bulk is sensitive to the container shape and incubation conditions such as agitation, carbon source, rate of oxygenation, electromagnetic radiation, temperature, and pH. The challenge is to control the dimension and the final shape of biosynthesized cellulose, by the optimization of culture conditions. The production of 3D structures based on BC is important for many industrial and biomedical applications such as paper and textile industries, biological implants, burn dressing material, and scaffolds for tissue regeneration. In our work, wild strains of Acetobacter spp. were isolated from homemade vinegar then purified and used for cellulose production. Four media of different initial viscosity were used. Cultures were performed under static conditions at 29oC, in darkness. The dimensions and texture of obtained bacterial cellulose nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the biosynthesized material has a cellulose I crystalline phase characterized by three crystal planes. fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data confirmed the chemical nature of the fibers. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that BC preserves a relatively superior nondegradable fraction compared to microcrystalline cellulose. INTRODUCTION Eco-friendly materials are acquiring major importance as renewable source with low cost of production. Cellulose is a linear beta 1, 4 linked glucose polymer, and one of the most abundant naturally occurring polymers. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is characterized by thermal stability [1] interfering with high purity and biocompatibility [10
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