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Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination
Bacille Calmette-Guérin Immunization Bacille
Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination
Synonyms Bacille Calmette-Guérin immunization; Vaccination against tuberculosis (tbc); Immunization against tuberculosis (tbc)
Definition Immunization against Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was developed in the 1930s, using a live, weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, which is similar to the germ causing tuberculosis in humans (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). While tuberculosis is no problem in many countries, and thus vaccination is not recommended there, it is highly prevalent in other areas of the world. In countries with high rates of tuberculosis, BCG vaccination should preferably be performed at time of birth as a single intradermal injection. After correct injection, an induration of the skin and afterwards a small scar develops at the needle site. The protection rate achieved by BCG vaccination is 70–80%. In all individuals older than six months, a tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) should be carried through prior to BCG immunization to find out if the person has already come into contact with tuberculosis. In this test a small amount of tuberculin units is inoculated by an intradermal injection. The induration has to be measured by a trained person 48–72 hours after administration, with a red lump > 5 mm meaning a positive result. Contraindications for BCG vaccination are prior tuberculosis, acute illness with fever, generalized skin disease and immunodeficiency. Immunization, Active
Background Environment
Background Meanings Definition Background meaning is a personally held, culturally derived, sense of reality which is taken for granted. It is often difficult for people to be aware of their meanings and values, but they are always present and give an approach to life and events which, in good faith, is thought to be the best.
Back-to-Normal Recovery Strategies
Bacterial Plaque Dental
Plaque
Baghdad Boil Leishmaniasis,
Cutaneous
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Bajau
Bajau
Basic Reproduction Rate
Indigenous Health,
Asian
Baka (Western Africa, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic) Indigenous Health
– Africa
Definition The basic reproduction rate characterizes the spread of an infectious disease. It is calculated as R_o = β × k × D. In this formula β is the risk of transmissions per contact (attack rate), k is the number of potentially infectious contacts of an individual in a certain time interval, and D is the duration of contagion of an infected person. When the basic reproduction rate is > 1, a further spread of the disease has to be assumed.
Balancing of Legal Interests Legal Balancing
of Conflicting Rights
Human
Balkan Sore Leishmaniasis,
Basic Rights
Cutaneous
Bang’s Disease Brucellosis
Basic Immunization Synonyms Basic vaccination Definition In order to achieve immunity against one or several pathogens, it is necessary to administer a certain number of injections of the vaccine following a fixed procedure. The initial implementation of a cours
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