C 3 N 4 nanosheet-supported Prussian Blue nanoparticles as a peroxidase mimic: colorimetric enzymatic determination of l
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ORIGINAL PAPER
C3N4 nanosheet-supported Prussian Blue nanoparticles as a peroxidase mimic: colorimetric enzymatic determination of lactate Dandan Zhou 1 & Congsen Wang 1 & Junjun Luo 1 & Minghui Yang 1 Received: 11 May 2019 / Accepted: 15 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Prussian Blue nanoparticles were deposited on g-C3N4 nanosheets. The resulting nanocomposite possesses peroxidase-like (POx) activity and can catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine at room temperature in the presence of H2O2. This leads to formation of a blue product with an absorption maximum at 650 nm. The formation of the Prussian Blue nanoparticles on the g-C3N4 nanosheets, and the POx-like activity of the composite were characterized in detail. The POx mimic was used for determination of L-lactic acid via detection of H2O2 that is produced by the enzyme lactate oxidase (LOx). The assay has a linear range that extends from 5 to 100 μM, and the detection limit is 2.2 μM. The method was successfully applied to the determination of L-lactic acid in spiked human serum. Keywords g-C3N4 nanosheet . Prussian Blue . Enzyme mimic . Colorimetry . L-lactate oxidase
Introduction Nanozymes, inspired from nature enzymes and nanomaterials, are becoming more and more important since nature enzymes have the defects of high cost and easy to denature. Various low cost and stable molecular artificial enzymes such as metal complexes [1], porphyrins [2], polymers [3], supramolecules [4] and biomolecules [5] are known. However, the limited catalytic activity of these artificial enzymes prevented their wide applications. With the development of nanotechnology, nanozymes have attracted significant attention. Compared to nature enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of low cost, good stability, and can be easily modified [6, 7]. Nanozymes can regulate their catalytic activities through controlling morphology and size so that they can replace nature enzymes in a wider range of applications. Different nanomaterial-based Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3834-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Minghui Yang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
artificial enzymes have been discovered, including metal oxide (such as Fe3O4 [8], CuO [9] and CeO2 [10]), monometallic nanomaterial (such as Gold NPs [11] and Pt NPs [12]), carbon-based nanomaterials (such as carbon nanodots [13], graphene oxide [14] and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets [15]), and other materials (such as CoFe2O4 [16], hollow mesoporous Prussian Blue NPs [17]). However, most of these nanomaterials exhibited their highest enzyme-like activity at high temperature (40-45 °C), which limits their applications in bioassays. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheet
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