In silico evaluation of antimicrobial, antihyaluronidase and bioavailability parameters of rosmarinic acid in Perilla fr
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In silico evaluation of antimicrobial, antihyaluronidase and bioavailability parameters of rosmarinic acid in Perilla frutescens leaf extracts Hui‑Zhen Li1 · Zhiqing Ren1 · N. V. Reddy1 · Tianyu Hou1 · Zhi‑Jun Zhang1 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The present study reports ultrasound-assisted extraction of rosmarinic acid extract using the leaves of Perilla frutescens L. by using ethanol solvent. P. frutescens rosmarinic acid extract (PF-RAE) exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. PF-RAE exhibited excellent antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. PF-RAE exhibited significant in vitro hyaluronidase inhibitory activity with maximum inhibition of 44.35%. HPLC analysis showed that rosmarinic acid is the major component of PF-RAE and it is responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities. Further, we report some of the plausible mechanisms of multiple biological functions of rosmarinic acid by in silico studies. Molecular docking studies reported that rosmarinic acid strongly inhibits bacterial co-/posttranslation enzyme peptide deformylase (promising antibacterial target) as well as fungi posttranslation enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (promising antifungal target) with binding affinities of 7.9 and 7.1 Kcal/mol, respectively. Further, rosmarinic acid exhibited strong affinity with human hyaluronidase protein by H-bonding interactions. Rosmarinic acid satisfactorily follows the Lipinski’s rule of five with ‘0’ violations, showed excellent hydrophilicity, oral bioavailability, skin permeability and gastrointestinal permeability and showed no toxicity at all. We concluded that rosmarinic acid can be developed as an excellent pharmaceutical and nutraceutical drug ingredient. Keywords Perilla frutescens · Rosmarinic acid · HPLC analysis · Antioxidant activity · Hyaluronidase inhibition · Lipinski’s rule of five
1 Introduction Extracellular matrix of the skin consists of fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin, laminins and fibronectins) and proteoglycans (glycosaminoglycans). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the predominant glycosaminoglycan present in the human skin. Fifty percentage of total HA in the body is present only in the skin tissue [1]. Due to its cationic and extreme hydrophilic nature, HA has high capacity to retain water
molecules and maintains skin moisture, smoothness of skin, lubricant nature and youthful appearance of skin [2]. HA is approved by USFDA as an injectable for the correction of wrinkles, pimples and facial lines. With advancing age, HA content will be reduced and HA polymers will be degraded, resulting in the loss of skin moisture leading to skin dryness, wrinkling, epidermal atrophy, laxity, leathery appearance and loss of elasticity and smoothness [3]. In addition to normal aging process (intrinsic aging), external
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03323-8) contains supplementary material, which
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