Caloric restriction modifies both innate and adaptive immunity in the mouse small intestine
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Caloric restriction modifies both innate and adaptive immunity in the mouse small intestine María Antonieta Suárez-Souto & Eleazar Lara-Padilla & Humberto Reyna-Garfias & María Viloria & Pedro López-Sánchez & Víctor Rivera-Aguilar & Ángel Miliar-García & Alexander Kormanovski & María Lilia Domínguez-López & Rafael Campos-Rodríguez
Received: 3 August 2011 / Accepted: 28 October 2011 / Published online: 16 November 2011 # University of Navarra 2011
Abstract Although caloric restriction (CR) apparently has beneficial effects on the immune system, its effects on the immunological function of the intestinal mucosa are little known. The present study explored the effect of CR on the innate and adaptive intestinal immunity of mice. Balb/c mice were either fed ad libitum (control) or on alternate days fed ad libitum and fasted (caloric restriction). After 4 months, an evaluation was made of IgA levels in the ileum, the gene expression for IgA and its receptor (pIgR), as well as the expression of two antimicrobial enzymes (lysozyme and phospholipase A2) and several cytokines of the intestinal
mucosa. CR increased the gene expression of lysozyme and phospholipase A2. The levels of IgA were diminished in the ileum, which apparently was a consequence of the reduced transport of IgA by pIgR. In ileum, CR increased the gene expression for most cytokines, both pro- and antiinflammatory. Hence, CR differentially modified the expression of innate and adaptive immunity mediators in the intestine.
M. A. Suárez-Souto : M. L. Domínguez-López Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, CP 11340 Mexico City, DF, México
Introduction
E. Lara-Padilla : H. Reyna-Garfias : M. Viloria : P. López-Sánchez : Á. Miliar-García : A. Kormanovski : R. Campos-Rodríguez (*) Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, CP 11340 Mexico City, DF, México e-mail: [email protected] V. Rivera-Aguilar Departamento de Microbiología, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Avenida de los Barrios s/n, CP. 54090 Tlalnepantla Edo. de México, México
Keywords Caloric restriction . Intestinal immunity . IgA . Phospholipase A2 . Lysozyme . Cytokines
The epithelium of the small intestine has the paradoxical task of facilitating digestive and absorbent processes on the one hand while establishing an immunologically efficient barrier against commensal and pathogenic microorganisms on the other. Intestinal epithelial cells provide the first physical barrier to microbial invasion through mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune response. Among the mechanisms of the innate immune response are the secretion of mucous, the production of antimicrobial molecules, and the production of certain cytokines, and among those of the adaptive immune response is the production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) [24, 35]. Paneth cells, a key type of intestinal epithelial cell in the innate immune response, pr
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