Catalytic adsorptive of nickel metal from Iraqi crude oil using non-conventional catalysts
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Catalytic adsorptive of nickel metal from Iraqi crude oil using non‑conventional catalysts Ghalib Adrees Atiya Ali1 · Suha Anwer Ibrahim2 · Mohammed Nsaif Abbas2 Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The existence of heavy metals together with the essential hydrocarbon components of crude oil causes a significant issue that leads to harmful effects on many petroleum processes industries in addition to reducing the value of oil product produced from refineries. The current research aims to study the possibility of removing the nickel element from Iraqi crude oil by a simple pre-treatment method based on adsorption technology. Treating of crude oil was performed using two types of adsorbents, the first one that had a high surface area, namely commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) and the other was non-valuable material, i.e., white egg shells (WES). The adsorption process was conducted in a batch mode unit and at different operating parameters of the adsorbent media amount, (water/crude oil) ratio, the contact time and the agitation speed in order to optimize the conditions for the best removal of the nickel substance from crude oil. The results indicated that the GAC had a high adsorption capacity reached to 87%, while the WES had a modest efficiency of about 45% removed of total nickel content. The results also showed that the efficiency of the treatment was increased with increase in the amount of adsorbent material, the (water/crude oil) ratio, the contact time and the agitation speed to a certain limit and then fixing or decreasing according to the type of variable. The present paper provides a simple pre-treatment method for removing one of the harmful heavy metals from crude oil in an easy and eco-friendly layout accessing to zero residue level concept. Keywords Crude oil · Nickel · Adsorption · White egg shells (WES) · Granular activated carbon (GAC)
Introduction Petroleum is considered as one of the raw materials found in the nature and extracted from geological formations inside the ground and it is collected through a series of slow transitions of organic matter for very long periods of time spanning thousands of years [1]. When it is extracted from underneath the surface of the earth is called crude oil [2]. Crude oil appears in the form of liquid dense and viscous, its appearance varies according to its composition, and its color usually ranges from dark black to dark brown, but there are some types of yellow, bronze, red or green [3]. The viscosity of the crude oil also varies depending on its composition, * Suha Anwer Ibrahim [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Mustansiriyah, Iraq
2
ranging from low to very high viscosity [1, 3]. Chemically, crude oil is defined as a mixture of huge number of hydrocarbon compounds that may
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