Changes in Bacterial Diversity, Composition and Interactions During the Development of the Seabird Tick Ornithodoros mar
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INVERTEBRATE MICROBIOLOGY
Changes in Bacterial Diversity, Composition and Interactions During the Development of the Seabird Tick Ornithodoros maritimus (Argasidae) Yann Gomard 1 & Olivier Flores 2 & Marion Vittecoq 3 & Thomas Blanchon 3 & Céline Toty 1,4 & Olivier Duron 4,5 & Patrick Mavingui 1 & Pablo Tortosa 1 & Karen D. McCoy 4,5 Received: 29 December 2019 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Characterising within-host microbial interactions is essential to understand the drivers that shape these interactions and their consequences for host ecology and evolution. Here, we examined the bacterial microbiota hosted by the seabird soft tick Ornithodoros maritimus (Argasidae) in order to uncover bacterial interactions within ticks and how these interactions change over tick development. Bacterial communities were characterised through next-generation sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Bacterial co-occurrence and coexclusion were determined by analysing networks generated from the metagenomic data obtained at each life stage. Overall, the microbiota of O. maritimus was dominated by four bacterial genera, namely Coxiella, Rickettsia, Brevibacterium and Arsenophonus, representing almost 60% of the reads. Bacterial diversity increased over tick development, and adult male ticks showed higher diversity than did adult female ticks. Bacterial networks showed that cooccurrence was more frequent than co-exclusion and highlighted substantial shifts across tick life stages; interaction networks changed from one stage to the next with a steady increase in the number of interactions through development. Although many bacterial interactions appeared unstable across life stages, some were maintained throughout development and were found in both sexes, such as Coxiella and Arsenophonus. Our data support the existence of a few stable interactions in O. maritimus ticks, on top of which bacterial taxa accumulate from hosts and/or the environment during development. We propose that stable associations delineate core microbial interactions, which are likely to be responsible for key biological functions. Keywords Ornithodoros maritimus . Bacterial interactions . Network analyses . 16S rRNA gene
Pablo Tortosa and Karen D. McCoy contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01611-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yann Gomard [email protected] 1
2
Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT (Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical), CIRAD, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
3
Tour de Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
4
MIVEGEC
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