Characteristics and Causes of Changes in Water Quality in the Syr Darya River, Kazakhstan
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YDROCHEMISTRY, HYDROBIOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Characteristics and Causes of Changes in Water Quality in the Syr Darya River, Kazakhstan Sanim Bissenbayevaa, b, c, d, Jilili Abuduwailia, b, c, *, Gulnura Issanovaa, b, d, e, and Kanat Samarkhanova, b, c aState Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Urumqi, 830011 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi, 830011 China cUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China d al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050060 Kazakhstan eUspanov Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Almaty, 050060 Kazakhstan *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received March 7, 2019; revised November 2, 2019; accepted November 6, 2019
Abstract—The water quality parameters, like major ions, have been monitored at three stations located along the Syr Darya River. The trend analysis was performed on annual timescales using the Mann–Kendall test, the Sen’s slope estimator and the linear regression. The relationships of the water quality parameters to river discharge were also investigated. The statistical methods showed both positive and negative trends in annual water quality data and major ions. Significant trends were detected by the statistical methods in sulphate, sodium-potassium ion and chloride ion series. Before 1940 the mineralization of water was 0.4–0.6 g/L and the water was bicarbonate-calcium, with an increased sulfate ions volume. Atthe moment, the mineralization index has become three times higher. The mineralization varies from 0.9–1.2 g/L in the upper and 1.5– 2.0 g/L in the lower reaches of the river. The sulfate ion and sodium-potassium ions began to predominate, dangerously exceeded volumes of the chloride ion in the lower part of the river are observed. Keywords: Central Asia, surface water, chemical composition of water, statistical analysis, major ions DOI: 10.1134/S009780782005019X
INTRODUCTION Though the chemical composition of the river’s water is mainly formed by natural factors, it also is driven by anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture, urbanization, domestic and industrial activities, the reservoir [11, 21]. Therefore, the chemical composition of the land surface water is of great importance for disclosing the nature of the basin’s water resources, is very important for assessing water quality and anthropogenic processes occurring in the [13, 23, 42]. Central Asia and the adjacent Syr Darya River basin have a high continentality degree in the world [22], which does not only leads to very large intraannual temperature fluctuations but also naturally limits the water resources of the region. The shortage of water resources in this arid territory is exacerbated by the decline in water quality. During the past decades, there has been a growing demand for monitoring the quality of water in rivers and river basins by measuring various water quality variables. The result was a gradua
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