Characteristics of Lignin Extracted from Different Lignocellulosic Materials via Organosolv Fractionation
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Characteristics of Lignin Extracted from Different Lignocellulosic Materials via Organosolv Fractionation Chutikan Inkrod 1 & Marisa Raita 1,2 & Verawat Champreda 2,3 & Navadol Laosiripojana 1,2 Published online: 30 January 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Among biomass-derived compounds, lignin is an underused component with potential for conversion to industrial-needed products in biorefinery. In this study, organosolv fractionation of four lignocellulosic materials including bagasse (BG), pararubber wood sawdust (PS), palm fiber (PF), and cassava fiber (CF) was studied using a ternary solvent mixture comprising methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), ethanol, and water in the presence of H2SO4 to separate high-purity lignin. The fractionation reaction was performed at 160 °C for 40 min with MIBK/ethanol/water proportion of 0.25/0.42/0.33 and 0.025 M of H2SO4, which led to the highest lignin removal efficiency of 88.2, 70.6, 67.3, and 71.7% (w/w) from BG, PS, PF, and CF, respectively. Physicochemical characteristics of the fractionated lignin were determined for Klason lignin and by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, organic elemental analysis, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The lignin samples were thermally depolymerized in MIBK to determine the content of specific lignin-derived chemicals. The main phenolic derivatives from BG-lignin were 4-ethylphenol and 4-vinylguaiacol, whereas those from PS-lignin were syringaldehyde and cis-isoeugenol. Phenol and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were mainly produced from depolymerization of PF-lignin while trans-isoeugenol and hexadecanoic acid were the major products from CF-lignin. This work demonstrates the potential of the fractionated lignin for production of valuable chemicals in biorefineries. Keywords Biomass . Organosolv fractionation . Lignin . Depolymerization
Introduction Renewable lignocellulosic biomass is a promising alternative feedstock for conversion to biofuels, commodity chemicals, and biomaterials. Lignocellulosic materials such as agricultural residues, forest residues, and energy crops are typically Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-018-9895-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marisa Raita [email protected] 1
Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
2
BIOTEC-JGSEE Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, Innovation Cluster 2 Building, Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
3
Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin as the primary constituents. Utilization of a variety of lignocelluloses as feedstocks in biorefinery is co
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