Characterization of Bacterial Community, Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria, and Nitrospira During the Operation of a Commercial
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Characterization of Bacterial Community, Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria, and Nitrospira During the Operation of a Commercial-Scale Recirculating Aquaculture System for Culturing Pufferfish Takifugu rubripes MA Yuexin1), *, YU Zichao2), DU Xin1), ZHANG Tao3), WANG Ning3), and TAO Wei4) 1) Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116023, China 2) Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China 3) Dalian Tianzheng Industry Company Limited, Dalian 116011, China 4) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China (Received February 1, 2020; revised April 21, 2020; accepted September 16, 2020) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract We investigated the changes in communities of bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and Nitrospira during the operation of a pufferfish Takifugu rubripes recirculating aquaculture system by using high-throughput DNA sequencing. Differences in bacterial communities were observed at days 1 – 32, 47 – 62 and 78 – 93 of biofilm development by using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobacteria) increased, while that of Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteria) decreased. The proportions of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospina ranged from 0.02% to 0.30% and from 0.02% to 0.83%, respectively. Ammonia monooxygenase gene pyrosequencing revealed that the top three operational taxonomic units were related to Nitrosomonas aestuarii (17.5% – 61.1%), uncultured beta proteobacterium clone B67S-54 (1.9% – 45.2%), and uncultured bacterium clone AZPa8 (3.6% – 24.7%). Nitrite oxidoreductase gene pyrosequencing revealed that the relative abundance of the dominant strain Nitrospira sp. Ecomares 2.1 increased, but that of the abundant species Nitrospira marina decreased. Our results demonstrated that the communities of bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and Nitrospira were changing during the operation of the pufferfish recirculating aquaculture system. Key words
biofilter; bacterial community; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Nitrospira; recirculating aquaculture system
1 Introduction Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are intensive aquaculture facilities that depend on water treatment units to provide farmed organisms with optimal water quality, which can optimize feed utilization and achieve high production of healthy animals under controlled conditions (Rurangwa and Verdegem, 2015; Xiao et al., 2019). These systems are promoted in countries with strict environmental regulations for wastewater discharge and limited access to land and natural water sources (Martins et al., 2010; Dalsgaard et al., 2013). A diverse bacterial community associated with biofilters plays a core role in the reduction or transformation of organic metabolic wastes and ammonia (Schreier et al., 2010; Brown et al., 2013; Rurangwa and Verdegem, 2015). The majority of bacteria in biofilters within biofil
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