Characterization of thirteen microsatellite markers in river and brook lampreys ( Lampetra fluviatilis and L. planeri )
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Characterization of thirteen microsatellite markers in river and brook lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis and L. planeri) Arnaud Gaigher • Sophie Launey • Emilien Lasne Anne-Laure Besnard • Guillaume Evanno
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Received: 8 August 2012 / Accepted: 13 August 2012 / Published online: 24 August 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012
Abstract We describe the development based on 454 pyrosequencing technology of thirteen microsatellite markers for two closely related species of lamprey: Lampetra fluviatilis and L. planeri. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 in L. fluviatilis and from 2 to 6 in L. planeri. Gene diversity ranged from 0.062 to 0.718 in L. fluviatilis and from 0.322 to 0.677 in L. planeri. These markers will be helpful to study population genetic structure of both species and resolve their taxonomic status as separate species or ecotypes of a single species. Keywords Lampetra fluviatilis Lampetra planeri Microsatellites Gene flow Genetic structure
The river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and brook lamprey L. planeri are two aquatic agnathans distributed throughout Europe. L. fluviatilis is anadromous with a parasite feeding style, while L. planeri is sedentary in freshwater and nonparasitic. These species have undergone a significant
A. Gaigher S. Launey A.-L. Besnard G. Evanno (&) INRA, UMR 985 Ecologie et Sante´ des Ecosyste`mes, 35042 Rennes, France e-mail: [email protected] A. Gaigher S. Launey A.-L. Besnard G. Evanno Agrocampus Ouest, UMR ESE, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France A. Gaigher Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland E. Lasne Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, CRESCO, 35800 Dinard, France
decline throughout Europe (Renaud 1997) and are listed in Appendix III of the Bern convention. In France the river lamprey is listed as vulnerable while the brook lamprey is classified as least concern (UICN 2010). At the adult stage both species are morphologically very similar and mostly differ by their size with L. fluviatilis being larger than L. planeri. In addition, they often coexist on the same spawning sites (Lasne et al. 2010) and they cannot be discriminated at the larval stage. They were classified as distinct species due to their distinct life histories and morphological differences (Hardisty and Potter 1971). However, some studies based on mitochondrial DNA or allozymes failed to reveal a strong divergence between them, hence the hypothesis that they may in fact be two ecotypes of a single species (Schreiber and Engelhorn 1998; Espanhol et al. 2007). Here we describe the development of thirteen microsatellite markers that will be useful to infer gene flow and disentangle two hypotheses: (1) a recent divergence resulting in two closely related species or (2) the existence of two ecotypes within a single species. The distinction between both hypotheses may have important consequences for the management of L. fluviatilis and L. planeri populations. Genomic DNA was e
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