Identification and characterization of 12 tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in the white-spotted char Salvelinus le
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MICROSATELLITE LETTERS
Identification and characterization of 12 tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in the white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis Kohtaroh Yamaguchi • Masataka Saito Masamichi Nakajima
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Received: 24 November 2014 / Accepted: 3 December 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014
Abstract The white-spotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) is an important species for Japanese fisheries, with a biogeographic range from Kamchatka in the Russian Federation to the Chugoku district in Japan. The population is decreasing owing to environmental changes and fishing pressure. Therefore, detailed information on this species is required to develop effective conservation strategies and harvesting practices. To provide tools for addressing the ecology and management for this species, we developed 12 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers, which were optimized into four multiplexes. No null alleles were detected at any locus. The number of alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosities across two populations were 1–19, 0.000–1.000, and 0.000–0.938, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium or departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was detected. These loci will be useful for conducting population genetics studies in this species. Keywords Next-generation sequencing Tetranucleotide microsatellites Genetic variation White-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis K. Yamaguchi (&) Saitama Prefecture Agriculture and Forestry Research Center Fisheries Laboratory, Kitakohama 1060-1, Kazo, Saitama 347-0011, Japan e-mail: [email protected] M. Saito Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan M. Nakajima Laboratory of Population Genetics Informatics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiyamachi, Tsutsumi-dori, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan
The white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis, a salmonid fish, is an important species in Japanese fisheries with a biogeographic range from Kamchatka in the Russian Federation to the Chugoku district in Japan. However, the resources of this species have decreased in recent years owing to environmental change and fishing pressure (Nakamura 1999). For example, S. leucomaenis imbrius was designated as ‘‘Vulnerable’’, S. leucomaenis japonicas of Kii Peninsula was designated ‘‘Threatened Local Population’’, and S. leucomaenis pluvius was designated ‘‘Data Deficient’’ in the Japanese Red List published by the Ministry of Environment in 2013. Genetic factors are closely related to the fitness and adaptability of populations, and therefore, it is important to preserve the genetic variability in populations to conserve natural populations and provide sustainable fisheries. Thus, the development of effective fishery management strategies requires detailed identification of genetic population structure. Owing to their variability and ease of allele scoring, microsatellite markers have become powerful genetic too
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