Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Marrubium vulgare L., an Important Medicinal Herb
Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), popularly called pahari gandana (Hindi) and truppad (Kashmiri), is a herb indigenous to Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean region. In India, this species is mainly found in Kashmir at an altitude of 1524–2438 meters. In
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Shabir A. Dar, Anil Bhushan, and Prasoon Gupta
Abstract
Marrubium vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), popularly called pahari gandana (Hindi) and truppad (Kashmiri), is a herb indigenous to Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean region. In India, this species is mainly found in Kashmir at an altitude of 1524–2438 meters. In traditional medicine, M. vulgare is used in Europe, Tunisia, Brazil, and Pakistan to cure ailments associated with respiration such as asthma and cough. The phytochemical investigation showed the availability of flavonoids, phenylpropanoid esters, steroids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids as major metabolites. Its aerial parts mainly contain marrubiin, a furan labdane diterpenoid, considered an important marker compound of Marrubium genus. Pharmacological studies have shown that M. vulgare exhibits antispasmodic, antinociceptive, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. The present chapter summarizes all the scientific researches so far being done on the plant to make an attempt to unveil its secondary metabolites so that their therapeutic properties could be assessed. Keywords
Angiosperms · Marrubium vulgare · Marrubiin · Flavonoids · Phenylpropanoid · Antidiabetic
S. A. Dar · A. Bhushan · P. Gupta (*) Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India e-mail: [email protected] # The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 B. Singh (ed.), Botanical Leads for Drug Discovery, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5917-4_12
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S. A. Dar et al.
Introduction
Plants have been a very important part of human civilization since the ancient times when man was learning to survive. Humans utilized plants and plant products to fulfill all the most important necessities for their nourishment, and their existence is extremely reliant on primary producers, mostly plants. Near about 5000 plant species have been widely utilized by humans as food. Besides fulfilling primary needs, the plant species have been utilized as medicines for various human illnesses (Sullivan and Shealy 1997). Such plants are called traditional medicinal plants and have played the most important roles in our ancient system of medicine. Those plants have been provided hypothesis and become primary source of modern drug discovery by the pharmaceutical industry. The World Health Organization has prepared a list of over 21,000 species of plants that are in use as traditional medicines around the world, with more than 80% of the world’s population believing on plant-based medicines for their primary health care (Gurib-Fakim 2006). Among a total of 21,000 medicinal plant species, the family Lamiaceae (also mint family) is known as the biggest family explored for the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites (Wink 2003). This family is represented by 7200 species belonging to 236 genera (Brauchler et al. 2010). Many species belongin
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