Chemometrics-Enhanced Micelle-Mediated Extraction Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cu 2+ and
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Chemometrics-Enhanced Micelle-Mediated Extraction Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in Medicinal Plant, Rice and Water Samples Using Continuous Wavelet Transform Maryam Abbasi Tarighat 1 & Alireza Hasaninejad 1 & Gholamreza Abdi 2
Received: 29 June 2015 / Accepted: 19 November 2015 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract A new micelle-mediated extraction method for the pre-concentration of trace amounts of Cu2+ and Zn2+ as a prior step to their simultaneous spectrophotometric determination has been developed in various samples. The analytes were complexed with new synthesized ligand 4,4′-((4chlorophenyl)methylene)bis(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) (CPBMPY) and Triton X-100 was added as a extraction agent. The optimal reaction and extraction conditions were optimized and the analytical characteristics of the method were obtained. The detection limit of the method was 0.90 and 0.30 ng mL−1 for Cu2+ and Zn2+, respectively. Continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) of visible spectra as a very simple and accurate method was developed for the simultaneous determination of binary mixtures of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. A zero-crossing technique was applied on the transformed signals and the constructed calibrations were tested by analyzing the composition of the different binary mixtures. The proposed procedure successfully was applied to analysis of water, rice, and medicinal plant and reference material samples. The amounts of metal ions obtained by the proposed methods were in good agreement with those obtained by Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Keywords 4,4′-((4-chlorophenyl)methylene) bis(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) . Triton X-100 . CWT . Cu2+ . Zn2+ * Maryam Abbasi Tarighat [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
2
Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
Introduction Heavy metals in different samples are serious and widely environmental dangerous pollutant problem due to their high bioavailability, potential toxicity, and ease of accumulation by various plant and animal organisms. Essential trace elements are those compounds that need to be present in the human diet to maintain normal physiological functions. Copper and zinc are needed at low levels as catalysts for enzyme activities (García and Dorronsoro 2005). Drinking water containing high levels of these essential metals may be hazardous to our health. The concentrations of these metals in water have high variability in different place. Also, as the rapid development of industry, more and more wastewater containing hazardous heavy metals was discharged into river, this is harmful to living beings and the environment around. We should know exact amount of trace metal impurities in water before we should use for any purpose (Zhao et al. 2012; Abbasi Tarighat et al. 2013a, b). Hence, there is an ongoing need for developing new selective and se
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