Clinical Challenges in an Outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Concerns from Frontiers
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TROPICAL, TRAVEL AND EMERGING INFECTIONS (L CHEN AND A BOGGILD,SECTION EDITORS)
Clinical Challenges in an Outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Concerns from Frontiers Yao Wang 1 & Luwen Wang 1 & Xun Li 1 & Zuojiong Gong 1 Accepted: 9 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review In December 2019, outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia patients were discovered in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. With the spread of the epidemic, new cases have been found in other regions of China and abroad. This review summarizes the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission pathways, high-risk factors, diagnostic points, pathogenesis, and therapeutic drugs to provide the prevention and treatment theories for COVID-19. Recent Findings COVID-19 is highly contagious and is transmitted mainly through the respiratory tract. Most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have milder symptoms. Some patients will have mild disease in the early stage, suddenly exacerbate later, and eventually die of multiple organ failure caused by cytokine storm. The basis for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 is not just the detection of viral nucleic acids as the gold standard. The diagnostic accuracy improves when viral nucleic acid test is combined with clinical symptoms, CT results, and biochemical tests. For the treatment of COVID-19, the specific antiviral agents have not been developed, except for symptomatic supportive treatments. Summary The methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection have become increasingly mature, but specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 have not yet been developed. Treatment must pay attention to the cytokine storm that leads to the seriousness of COVID-19. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . Clinical challenges
Introduction Since December 2019, many cases of viral pneumonia have been found in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. It has been determined that the viral infection is transmitted from human to human, which seriously affects public health safety [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has named the new coronavirus that caused the Wuhan pneumonia epidemic for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Tropical, Travel and Emerging Infections * Zuojiong Gong [email protected] 1
Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
2) and declared a pandemic. The new coronavirus-infected disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the genus beta coronavirus and has higher homology with severe acute respiratory syndromes-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) than with Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [2, 3]. SARS-CoV-2 is distinct from SARSCoV, but the common outgroup with SARS-CoV is a HPU9-1 coronavirus parasitic to fruit bats [2]. It was recently found that the similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and RaTG13 isolated from Yun
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