Effects of rock phosphate added with farm yard manure or sugar juice residues on wheat growth and uptake of certain nutr
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SOILS, SEC 3 • REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED OR DEGRADED LANDS • RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of rock phosphate added with farm yard manure or sugar juice residues on wheat growth and uptake of certain nutrients and heavy metals Ahmed Elgharably 1 Received: 9 March 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Rock phosphate (RP) and farm yard manure (FYM) can promote plant growth, but little is known about the effect of sugar juice residues (FMC) on Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb phyto-availability. This study investigated the effects of FYM and FMC added alone or each in combination with RP on wheat growth and Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb uptake. Methods Wheat was grown in a soil amended with 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 g RP or with 5, 10, or 20 g kg-1 soil of FYM, or FMC, added separately, or each in combination with 0.75 g P2O5-RP kg-1 soil. At harvest, shoot N, P, and K; soil pH; available P and DTPAZn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, dry matters of root, shoot, and grain; and heavy metals’ concentration in each organ were determined. Results RP addition increased growth and P and K uptake and reduced Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb of wheat more at the high application rate compared to the low application rate. Compared to the control, FYM addition decreased soil pH, increased P and metals availability and uptake, and decreased plant biomass, whereas FMC addition increased soil pH, decreased P and metals availability and uptake, and increased plant biomass; these effects were maximized with increasing the application rate. Conclusion The results revealed that FMC has the potential in limiting heavy metal uptake and that the combined application of FMC and RP is beneficial for wheat growth. Keywords Grain yield . Heavy metals toxicity . Phosphorus fertilization . Plant residues . Remediation . Sugar industry by-products
1 Introduction Wastewater irrigation is globally a widespread practice due to insufficiency of freshwater for crop irrigation, inevitably bringing to the soil high amounts of metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni (Elgharably and Allam 2013). In agricultural soils, extreme accumulation of those metals may result in their transfer to the human diet through crop uptake or soil ingestion by grazing livestock (Kumpiene et al. 2008). Most of those elements are known plant essential nutrients,
Responsible editor: Zhenli He * Ahmed Elgharably [email protected] 1
Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
but at particular concentrations, they are considered toxic for most crops (Kabata-Pendias 2001). Metal uptake by crops depends on various factors like metal concentration and solubility, soil pH and cation exchange capacity, fertilizers types and addition rates, and plant growth stages (Smith and Read 2008). The necessity for reuse of wastewater in agriculture is understandable, but it is important to adopt agricultural practices that can limit the plant uptake of the stressful concentrations of those metals. Addition
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